Influence of nutrient and water stress on Norway spruce production in south Sweden ? the role of air pollutants

1992 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Owe Nilsson ◽  
Karin Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
South Sweden

Seasonal Changes in the Activities of Apoplastic, Cytoplasmic, Ionically and Covalently Bound Isoperoxidases from Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Needles: A Comparison between Three Collection Sites with Different Ambient Ozone Concentrations

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 903-910
Author(s):  
Dietmar Ikemeyer ◽  
Peter Büttner ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Collection Sites ◽  
Covalently Bound

Apoplastic, cytoplasmic, ionically and covalently bound isoperoxidases were investigated from needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and a pronounced genetic variability of the isoenzyme pattern was found. The enzymatic activity of each group of isoperoxidases was determined between November 1989 to November 1990 from needles of three locations (Velmerstot, Glindfeld, Haltern) with different ozone concentrations. Apoplastic peroxidases of needles from trees grown in Velmerstot and Glindfeld showed up to two-fold higher activities than the same group of peroxidases from Haltern. Based on the recorded increased ozone concentrations in Velmerstot and Glindfeld a positive correlation between the activity of the apoplastic peroxidases and ambient ozone concentrations at the different locations could be demonstrated. A putative role of the apoplastic peroxidases as a bioindicator for air pollutants is discussed.

Effects of air pollutants on the growth and antioxidative system of Norway spruce exposed in open-top chambers

1993 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfhard Nast ◽  
Lisbeth Mortensen ◽  
Klaus Fischer ◽  
Ingo Fitting
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Antioxidative System ◽  
Open Top Chambers

Inhibition of cambial activity in Abies balsamea by internal water stress: role of abscisic acid

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 3041-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Endogenous Aba

In experiments with attached and detached shoots of balsam fir, Abies balsamea L., synthetic (±)abscisic acid (ABA) (1) reduced photosynthesis and transpiration by inducing stomatal closure, (2) inhibited indoleacetic acid (IAA) - induced cambial activity in photosynthesizing and non-photosynthesizing shoots, and (3) inhibited the basipetal movement of [14C]IAA. Neither gibberellic acid nor kinetin counteracted the inhibitory effect of (±)ABA on IAA-induced cambial activity. In addition it was demonstrated that increasing the internal water stress increased the level of endogenous ABA in the phloem–cambial region of bark peelings and decreased the basipetal movement of [14C]IAA through branch sections. On the basis of these findings it is proposed that internal water stress inhibits cambial activity, partly through increasing the level of ABA; the ABA acts to decrease the provision of carbohydrates and auxin that are required for cambial growth.

scholarly journals Hormonal and Hydroxycinnamic Acids Profiles in Banana Leaves in Response to Various Periods of Water Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalel Mahouachi ◽  
María F. López-Climent ◽  
Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The pattern of change in the endogenous levels of several plant hormones and hydroxycinnamic acids in addition to growth and photosynthetic performance was investigated in banana plants (Musa acuminatacv. “Grand Nain”) subjected to various cycles of drought. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for six periods with subsequent rehydration. Data showed an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, a transient increase in salicylic acid (SA) concentration, and no changes in jasmonic acid (JA) after each period of drought. Moreover, the levels of ferulic (FA) and cinnamic acids (CA) were increased, and plant growth and leaf gas exchange parameters were decreased by drought conditions. Overall, data suggest an involvement of hormones and hydroxycinnamic acids in plant avoidance of tissue dehydration. The increase in IAA concentration might alleviate the senescence of survival leaves and maintained cell elongation, and the accumulation of FA and CA could play a key role as a mechanism of photoprotection through leaf folding, contributing to the effect of ABA on inducing stomatal closure. Data also suggest that the role of SA similarly to JA might be limited to a transient and rapid increase at the onset of the first period of stress.

The Role of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in the Resistance of Forests to Water Stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Garbaye
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Protection Mechanisms

Forest trees live in enforced symbiosis with specialized fungi that form composite organs (ectomycorrhizas) with fine roots. This paper examines how this association contributes to the water status of trees and how it plays a major role in the protection mechanisms by which trees and forest stands resist drought-induced water stress. It shows how ectomycorrhizal symbiosis has both direct effects (at the uptake level) and indirect effects (at the regulation level) on the water status of trees. The facts presented are discussed in terms of forest adaptation to changing environmental conditions and the practical consequences for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Chemical interactions between ship-originated air pollutants and ocean-emitted halogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinyi Li ◽  
Alba Badia ◽  
Rafael P. Fernandez ◽  
Anoop S. Mahajan ◽  
Ana Isabel López-Noreña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Reactive Halogen Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface Increase ◽  
Halogen Species

<p>Ocean-going ships supply products from one region to another and contribute to the world’s economy. Ship exhaust contains many air pollutants and results in significant changes in marine atmospheric composition. The role of Reactive Halogen Species (RHS) in the troposphere has received increasing recognition and oceans are the largest contributors to their atmospheric burden. However, the impact of shipping emissions on RHS and that of RHS on ship-originated air pollutants have not been studied in detail. Here, an updated WRF-Chem model is utilized to explore the chemical interactions between ship emissions and oceanic RHS over the East Asia seas in summer. The emissions and resulting chemical transformations from shipping activities increase the level of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> at the surface, increase O<sub>3</sub> in the South China Sea, but decrease O<sub>3</sub> in the East China Sea. Such changes in pollutants result in remarkable changes in the levels of RHS as well as in their partitioning. The abundant RHS, in turn, reshape the loadings of air pollutants and those of the oxidants with marked patterns along the ship tracks. We, therefore, suggest that these important chemical interactions of ship-originated emissions with RHS should be considered in the environmental policy assessments of the role of shipping emissions in air quality and climate.</p>

Role of highway traffic on spatial and temporal distributions of air pollutants in a Swiss Alpine valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 456-457 ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina E. Ducret-Stich ◽  
Ming-Yi Tsai ◽  
Martina S. Ragettli ◽  
Alex Ineichen ◽  
Nino Kuenzli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Alpine Valley ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

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