Rapid root tip and mycorrhiza formation and increased survival of Douglas-fir seedlings after soil transfer

New Forests ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Amaranthus ◽  
David A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Soil Transfer

Effect of soil transfer on ectomycorrhiza formation and the survival and growth of conifer seedlings on old, nonreforested clear-cuts

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Amaranthus ◽  
D. A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Soil Transfer ◽  
Survival And Growth

Small amounts (150 mL) of soil from established conifer plantations and mature forest were transferred to planting holes on three clear-cuts in southwest Oregon and northern California to enhance mycorrihiza formation. The clear-cuts, 8–27 years old and unsuccessfully reforested, included a range of environmental conditions. At Cedar Camp, a high-elevation (1720 m) southerly slope with sandy soil, transfer of plantation soils increased 1st-year Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling survival by 50%. Notably, soil from a plantation on a previously burned clear-cut doubled mycorrhiza formation and tripled seedling basal area growth. Soil from mature forest did not improve survival and growth. Less dramatic effects owing to soil transfer were evident on other sites, which were lower in elevation and had clayey soils with greater water-holding capacity, and where woody shrubs had apparently preserved mycorrhizal fungi. At Crazy Peak (1005 m), seedling survival was uniformly good, and soil from a previously burned plantation increased Douglas-fir mycorrhiza formation. At Wood Creek (500 m), soil from a plantation on a previously unburned clear-cut increased mycorrhizal branching on sugar pine (Pinuslambertiana Dougl.) seedlings, but there was no other effect. Results suggest that adequate mycorrhiza formation is critical to seedling growth and survival on cold, droughty sites. Populations of mycorrhizal fungi, and perhaps other beneficial soil biota, decline if reforestation is delayed or other host plants are absent. These declines can be offset by soil transfer from the proper source; in this study, soil from vigorous young plantations.

Impact of clearcutting and slash burning on ectomycorrhizal associations of Douglas-fir seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Pilz ◽  
David A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Soil Origin ◽  
Slash Burning

The effect of clear-cutting, with and without slash burning, on ectomycorrhizal formation of Douglas-fir seedlings (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was studied in field and greenhouse bioassays. Twelve ectomycorrhizal types were found in three western Cascade Mountain sites on seedlings planted in soils exchanged among burned and unburned portions of clear-cuts and undisturbed forest. Rhizopogon sp. and an unidentified brown type consistently formed at least two-thirds of the ectomycorrhizal root tips. Regardless of soil origin, more ectomycorrhizae formed in clear-cuts than in undisturbed forest (primarily due to more brown mycorrhizae). Soil origin did not affect total numbers of ectomycorrhizae; however, more different types formed in undisturbed forest soils than in clear-cut soils, irrespective of aboveground environment. More nonmycorrhizal tips occurred in clear-cut soils. Seedlings grown in the same soils formed the same proportions of Rhizopogon and brown types in field and greenhouse, but not the same proportions of less common ectomycorrhizal types. Soil pasteurization increased root-tip numbers. Inoculated soils (1 part nonpasteurized: 9 parts pasteurized) produced as many ectomycorrhizae as nonpasteurized field soils and generally fewer tips than pasteurized soils. Formation of major (but not minor) ectomycorrhizal types on all sites was influenced more by aboveground changes that accompany clear-cutting and site preparation than by alterations in soil chemistry or biology.

Effects of application rate and cold soaking pretreatment of Pisolithus spores on effectiveness as nursery inoculum on western conifers

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel F. Alvarez ◽  
James M. Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Bare Root

Ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Shasta red (Abiesmagnified var. shastensis Lemm.), and white fir (Abiesconcolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hild.) seedlings were inoculated in a bare root nursery with basidiospores of Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch. The spores were applied at three rates with or without cold–wet pretreatment of 7 or 21 days. Pretreatment did not affect spore efficiency as inoculum. Only ponderosa pine responded to inoculation. Inoculations in the greenhouse with a wider range of spore application rates revealed that a higher concentration of spores was needed to induce an increase in growth and mycorrhiza formation of Douglas-fir than ponderosa pine. These levels were much higher than those used in nursery inoculations.

Root chemistry of Douglas-fir seedlings grown under different nitrogen and potassium regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1566-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry M Shaw ◽  
James A Moore ◽  
John D Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
High K ◽  
Root Chemistry ◽  
Low K ◽  
Root Collar

Root chemistry and biomass allocation of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Bessn.) Franco) seedlings under optimal and deficient levels of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) were studied. Seedlings receiving high-N treatments were significantly larger and allocated more dry matter to their stems and less to their roots than those receiving the low-N treatments. The K treatments did not significantly affect total seedling biomass or root/shoot ratios. Root tip starch concentrations were significantly higher and root tip sugar concentrations were lower in plants receiving the low-N treatments. Seedlings receiving the high-N, low-K treatment had significantly lower concentrations of phenolics and tannins and lower ratios of these compounds to sugars in the root tips than seedlings receiving the high-K treatments. Samples taken from two locations on the root system show that concentrations of phenolics, tannins, sugars, and starches were substantially higher in the root collar than in the root tips. Because of lower within tissue variation, we recommend sampling at root tips to better detect treatment differences. This study shows that N levels affect starch concentrations in the roots, while K levels affect root phenolic and tannin concentrations. Possible relationships between low root phenolic and tannin concentrations and lessened resistance of Douglas-fir to root disease are discussed.

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

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