A mutant of a mutant of a mutant of a...: Irradiation of progressive radiation-induced mutants in a mutation-breeding programme with Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram.

Euphytica ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Broertjes ◽  
P. Koene ◽  
J. W. H. Van Veen
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Induced Mutants ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Ovaries of Chrysanthemum Irradiated with High-Energy Photons and High-Energy Electrons Can Regenerate Plants with Novel Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Natalia Miler ◽  
Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽  
Seweryn Jakubowski ◽  
Janusz Winiecki
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
High Energy Electrons

Classical mutation breeding using physical factors is a common breeding method for ornamental crops. The aim of our study was to examine the utility of ovaries excised from irradiated inflorescences of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) as explants for breeding purposes. We studied the in vitro regeneration capacity of the ovaries of two chrysanthemum cultivars: ‘Profesor Jerzy’ and ‘Karolina’ preceded by irradiation with high-energy photons (total dose 5, 10 and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (total dose 10 Gy). Growth and inflorescence parameters of greenhouse acclimatized regenerants were recorded, and ploidy level was estimated with flow cytometry. The strong impact of genotype on regeneration efficiency was recorded—cultivar ‘Karolina’ produced only 7 viable shoots, while ‘Profesor Jerzy’ produced totally 428 shoots. With an increase of irradiation dose, the regeneration decreased, the least responsive were explants irradiated with 15 Gy high-energy photons and 10 Gy high-energy electrons. Regenerants of ‘Profesor Jerzy’ obtained from these explants possessed shorter stem and flowered later. The highest number of stable, color and shape inflorescence variations were obtained from explants treated with 10 Gy high-energy photons. Variations of inflorescences were predominantly changes of shape—from full to semi-full. New color phenotypes were dark yellow, light yellow and pinkish, among them only the dark yellow phenotype remained stable during second year cultivation. None of the regenerants were haploid. The application of ovaries irradiated within the whole inflorescence of chrysanthemum can be successfully applied in the breeding programs, provided the mother cultivar regenerate in vitro efficiently.

In vitro Technique for Selection of Radiation Induced Mutants of Tall Fescue

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Ki-Won Lee ◽  
Jin Young Moon ◽  
Hee Chung Ji ◽  
Gi Jun Choi ◽  
Ki-Yong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Induced Mutants ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Selection Of

TREE GROWTH HABITS IN RADIATION-INDUCED MUTANTS OF McINTOSH APPLE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Lapins
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Induced Mutants ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Tree Type

Four-year-old trees of 20 radiation-induced mutants of the McIntosh cultivar were compared for tree vigor and growth type. Wide variation in tree vigor was found among clones. In tree type, various degrees of compactness were recorded. Tree vigor and compactness of growth showed all possible combinations among the various clones, an indication that each character was affected independently by irradiation treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Reveals Changes in Some Seed Properties in Amaranth Mutant Variety ‘Zobor’ (A. hypochondriacus × A. hybridus)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2565
Author(s):  
Andrea Hricová ◽  
Veronika Mistríková ◽  
Alena Gajdošová ◽  
Jozef Fejér ◽  
Jana Nôžková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Yield Trait ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis

The aim of our long-term research program is to improve the quality and quantity of amaranth production through mutation breeding using γ-radiation. In this paper, we present the characterization of the new variety ‘Zobor’ of A. hypochondriacus × A. hybridus developed by radiation-induced mutagenesis of hybrid K-433. Multiyear phenotypic characterization of an important yield parameter (1000-seed weight) showed that the studied mutant variety ‘Zobor’ has an advantage in seed weight over the nonirradiated control seeds of K-433 with predictable performance of this yield trait. ‘Zobor’ exhibited changes in seed morphometric parameters, starch particle size, and pasting properties with no change in amylose content and swelling power. Moreover, the seeds of ‘Zobor’ showed the significantly highest folate content among selected amaranth varieties. The mutant variety could, therefore, be interesting for the development of functional foods and as a low-management crop, attractive for cultivation in Europe.

scholarly journals 1H NMR-Based Chemometrics to Gain Insights Into the Bran of Radiation-Induced Colored Wheat Mutant

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Seo Kil ◽  
Ah-Reum Han ◽  
Min-Jeong Hong ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Pil-Hoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Induced Mutants ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses ◽  
High Polarity

Recently, wheat has attracted attention as a functional food, rather than a simple dietary energy source. Accordingly, whole-grain intake increases with an understanding of bioactive phytochemicals in bran. The development of colored wheat has drawn more attention to the value of bran owing to its nutritional quality, as well as the antioxidant properties of the colorant. The present 1H NMR-based chemometric study evaluated the compositional improvement of radiation-induced mutants in purple wheat by focusing on the predominant metabolites with high polarity. A total of 33 metabolites, including three choline derivatives, three sugar alcohols, four sugars, 13 amino acids, eight organic acids, and two nucleosides, were identified throughout the 1H NMR spectra, and quantification data were obtained for the identified metabolites via peak shape-based quantification. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted for performing multivariate analyses. The colored original wheat was found to exhibit improvements compared to yellow wheat in terms of the contents of primary metabolites, thus highlighting the importance of conducting investigations of polar metabolites. The chemometrics studies further revealed mutant lines with a compositional enhancement for metabolites, including lysine, proline, acetate, and glycerol.

Impact of mutant varieties in Malaysia: challenges and future perspectives for mutation breeding.

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Rusli Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

Abstract Malaysia has made substantial progress in plant mutation breeding with the use of nuclear techniques and related biotechnologies, not only in the development of new mutant varieties but also in the establishment of an excellent nuclear research centre. A total of 53 mutant varieties have been developed, including rice Oryza sativa (19), banana Musa acuminata (one), groundnut Arachis hypogaea (two), orchid Dendrobium 'Sonia' (six), chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum morifolium (seven), hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (three), roselles Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (three) and other ornamental and landscaping plants (12). Most of the new ornamental varieties have been developed by both acute and chronic gamma-ray irradiation of seeds, rooted cuttings, bulbs and tissue cultures. Food crops that have an economic impact on sustainable agricultural production are mutant varieties of banana ('Novaria') and rice (MRQ74, MR219-9 and MR219-4). 'Novaria' is a selection made from a mutant, 'GN-60A', of 'Grande Naine' (AAA Musa) identified from gamma-ray treated populations of the Biotechnology Laboratory in Seibersdorf, Austria. 'Novaria' was the first mutant variety, officially released in 1995 by the Malaysian Nuclear Agency as a new variety for its improved characteristics such as early flowering, short stature and high yield. MRQ74 is a type of high-quality fragrant rice with newly induced traits such as resistance to blast, long and slender grain shape, non-sticky and with the elongation properties of cooked rice similar to those of Basmati-type rice. It is an indirect mutant variety released in 2003 and one of its parental lines for cross-breeding was the mutant 'Mahsuri', which was developed through mutation breeding using gamma-rays. In 2014, two new mutant varieties of rice, 'MR219-9' and 'MR219-4', which are drought tolerant, high yielding and resistant to blast, were selected from gamma irradiated material. Despite these achievements, applications of induced mutation have decreased during the past 10 years due to reduced funding. Mutation breeding is still a promising technique for the development of novel varieties which in combination with advanced molecular genetics can bring plant mutation breeding into a new era.

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