Respiratory behaviour, oxygen consumption and relative dependence on aerial respiration in the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens, owen) and an air-breathing teleost (Clarias lazera, C.).

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Aerial Respiration ◽  
Protopterus Annectens ◽  
Relative Dependence ◽  
African Lungfish

A Functional Analysis of the Aquatic and Aerial Respiratory Movements of an African Lungfish, Protopterus Aethiopicus, With Reference to the Evolution of the Lung-Ventilation Mechanism in Vertebrates

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. MCMAHON
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Aerial Respiration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
African Lungfish ◽  
Pump Mechanism ◽  
Elasmobranch Fishes ◽  
Breathing Mechanism ◽  
Respiratory Movements ◽  
Branchial Region

1. The anatomy of the head and branchial region of Protopterus has been studied by dissection and section techniques to show the relation between skeletal and muscular elements. X-ray cinematographic, pressure and electromyographic techniques have been used to show how the muscular and skeletal systems interact to produce the respiratory movements. The mechanisms involved in aquatic and aerial respiration in Protopterus have thus been elucidated. 2. The mechanisms of branchial irrigation has been shown to be basically similar to that seen in teleost and elasmobranch fishes, and also similar to that seen in larval amphibia. 3. The aerial cycle is composed of a series of aquatic-type cycles, each of which is modified slightly to serve a specific function in the aerial cycle. Inspiration occurs by a buccal force-pump mechanism. Expiration occurs by the release of compressed pulmonary gas, aided by the elasticity of the lung wall. 4. In this animal the air-breathing mechanism is derived from the aquatic mechanism. The modifications are relatively simple and produce an efficient ventilation mechanism. 5. No movements of the ribs can be seen associated with the respiratory cycles. It is suggested that the aspiratory ventilation mechanisms were not present in the prototetrapods and were not evolved until a later, more fully terrestrial stage was reached. 6. The evidence suggests that the air-breathing mechanism of the tetrapods was powered by a buccal force-pump mechanism which evolved directly from the aquatic system. The evolution of a new mechanism for lung ventilation in the prototetrapods is considered unnecessary.

scholarly journals Functional conflicts between feeding and gas exchange in suspension-feeding tadpoles, Xenopus laevis

1984 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Feder ◽  
D. B. Seale ◽  
M. E. Boraas ◽  
R. J. Wassersug ◽  
A. G. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Aerial Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Requirement ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Hypoxic Water

Air-breathing tadpoles of Xenopus laevis (Amphibia: Anura) use buccopharyngeal surfaces for both gas exchange and capture of food particles in the water. In dense food suspensions, tadpoles decrease ventilation of the buccopharynx and increase air breathing. The lung ventilatory frequency is elevated even though the rate of oxygen consumption is at or below resting levels, suggesting that the lung hyperventilation reflects compensation for decreased buccopharyngeal respiration rather than an increased metabolic requirement. If tadpoles in hypoxic water are prevented from breathing air, they increase buccopharyngeal respiration at the expense of feeding. Aerial respiration evidently permits the buccopharyngeal surfaces to be used primarily for food entrapment.

scholarly journals Studies on the Queensland lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft). 3. Aerial respiration in relation to habits.

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Aerial Respiration ◽  
Active Fish

Field observations made on the Mary and Burnett rivers in Queensland show that seasonal stagnancy and deoxygenation are unlikely to be factors accounting for the air-breathing habit in Neoceratodus, as current theory suggests. An alternative hypothesis that the lung is an accessory respiratory organ during active periods, was suggested by current work which showed that Neoceratodus is more active nocturnally and surfaces to take air more often at night. Respirometry studies on juvenile fish confirmed this, for the oxygen consumption of forcibly active fish prevented from surfacing while in the respirometer, was consistently lower than that of fish allowed to surface. At 25�C, active fish allowed to surface had an oxygen consumption of 0.07 ml g-l hr-l, derived from branchial respiration at a rate of 67 beats/min supplemented by use of the lung. When prevented from surfacing however the oxygen consumption fell to approximately 0.05 ml g-l hr-1, derived from gills alone, but with a branchial pumping rate of 80 beats/min. This correlation of oxygen consumption with branchial pumping emphasizes the limit placed on the fish by its gills, whereas the higher oxygen consumption exhibited by active fish allowed to surface indicates the value of the lung as an accessory respiratory organ, allowing more vigorous reaction to a stimulus than would be possible with gills only.

scholarly journals The Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Tract of the African Lungfish, Protopterus annectens

2010 ◽  
Vol 293 (7) ◽  
pp. 1146-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Icardo ◽  
Wai P. Wong ◽  
Elvira Colvee ◽  
Ai M. Loong ◽  
Yuen K. Ip
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protopterus Annectens ◽  
African Lungfish

scholarly journals Mechanisms of acid-base regulation in the African lungfish Protopterus annectens

2007 ◽  
Vol 210 (11) ◽  
pp. 1944-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Gilmour ◽  
R. M. Euverman ◽  
A. J. Esbaugh ◽  
L. Kenney ◽  
S. F. Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Protopterus Annectens ◽  
African Lungfish

Air-breathing during activity in the fishes amia calva and lepisosteus oculatus

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Farmer ◽  
D C Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Spotted Gar ◽  
Water Oxygen ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Amia Calva ◽  
Lepisosteus Oculatus ◽  
Air Hole

Many osteichthyan fishes obtain oxygen from both air, using a lung, and water, using gills. Although it is commonly thought that fishes air-breathe to survive hypoxic aquatic habitats, other reasons may be more important in many species. This study was undertaken to determine the significance of air-breathing in two fish species while exercising in oxygen-rich water. Oxygen consumption from air and water was measured during mild activity in bowfin (Amia calva) and spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) by sealing a fish in an acrylic flume that contained an air-hole. At 19-23 degreesC, the rate of oxygen consumption from air in both species was modest at rest. During low-level exercise, more than 50 % of the oxygen consumed by both species was from the air (53.0+/-22.9 % L. oculatus; 66.4+/-8.3 % A. calva). <P>

Respiration in the African Lungfish Protopterus Aethiopicus

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDE LENFANT ◽  
KJELL JOHANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
African Lungfish ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Protopterus Aethiopicus

1. Respiratory properties of blood and pattern of aerial and aquatic breathing and gas exchange have been studied in the African lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus. 2. The mean value for haematocrit was 25%. Haemoglobin concentration was 6.2 g% and O2 capacity 6.8 vol. %. 3. The affinity of haemoglobin for O2 was high. P50 was 10 mm. Hg at PCOCO2, 6 mm. Hg and 25 °C. The Bohr effect was smaller than for the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus, but exceeded that for the South American lungfish, Lepidosiren. The O2 affinity showed a larger temperature shift in Protopterus than Neoceratodus. 4. The CO2 combining power and the over-all buffering capacity of the blood exceeded values for the other lungfishes. 5. Both aerial and aquatic breathing showed a labile frequency. Air exposure elicited a marked increase in the rate of air breathing. 6. When resting in aerated water, air breathing accounted for about 90% of the O2 absorption. Aquatic gas exchange with gills and skin was 2.5 times more effective than pulmonary gas exchange in removing CO2. The low gas-exchange ratio for the lung diminished further in the interval between breaths. 7. Protopterus showed respiratory independence and a maintained O2 uptake until the ambient O2 and CO2 tensions were 85 and 35 mm. Hg respectively. A further reduction in O2 tension caused an abrupt fall in the oxygen uptake. 8. Gas analysis of blood samples drawn from unanaesthetized, free-swimming fishes attested to the important role of the lung in gas exchange and the high degree of functional separation in the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

scholarly journals Aestivation and brain of the African lungfish Protopterus annectens

Temperature ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shit F Chew ◽  
Kum Hiong
Keyword(s):  
Protopterus Annectens ◽  
African Lungfish
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