Regulation of levels of nuclear transcripts for C4 photosynthesis in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenq-Yunn Sheen ◽  
Lawrence Bogorad
Keyword(s):  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Maize Leaves

scholarly journals Cyst(e)ine Is the Transport Metabolite of Assimilated Sulfur from Bundle-Sheath to Mesophyll Cells in Maize Leaves

1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Burgener ◽  
Marianne Suter ◽  
Stephanie Jones ◽  
Christian Brunold
Keyword(s):  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Maize Leaves

scholarly journals Implication of the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway in conditioning the amino acid metabolism in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves

FEBS Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (12) ◽  
pp. 3193-3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Valadier ◽  
Ayako Yoshida ◽  
Olivier Grandjean ◽  
Halima Morin ◽  
Jocelyne Kronenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Maize Leaves

scholarly journals Detection of phosphoenolpyruvate and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase transcripts in maize leaves by in situ hybridization with sulfonated cDNA probes.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Perrot-Rechenmann ◽  
M Joannes ◽  
D Squalli ◽  
P Lebacq
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Specific Mrnas

This report outlines an efficient in situ hybridization method for locating specific mRNAs in tissue cryosections using sulfonated cDNA probes. The method involves chemical modification of DNA probes by insertion of a sulfone radical on cytosine residues, which generates a specific epitope. Sulfonated DNA is then detected by using indirect immunochemical procedure. Alternatively, antibodies conjugated to fluorescein or to alkaline phosphatase were used for mRNA detection. In situ hybridization was developed to study aspects of mesophyll and bundle sheath cell differentiation in maize leaves. Our results indicate that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP C) mRNA is restricted to mesophyll cells, and the nucleus-encoded mRNA of the small subunit (SSU) ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBP C) is limited to the cytosol of bundle sheath cells. Thus, using in situ hybridization, we have demonstrated that the differential distribution of PEP C and RuBP C proteins in the two cell types also reflects the location of their mRNAs. These data imply either a tissue-specific transcriptional regulation or a selective mRNA degradation.

scholarly journals Developmental Effects on Relative Use of PEPCK and NADP-ME Pathways of C4 Photosynthesis in Maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J Arp ◽  
Shrikaar Kambhampati ◽  
Kevin Chu ◽  
Somnath Koley ◽  
Lauren M Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Canopy Position

C4 photosynthesis is an adaptive photosynthetic pathway which concentrates CO2 around Rubisco in specialized bundle sheath cells to reduce photorespiration. Historically, the pathway has been characterized into three different subtypes based on the decarboxylase involved, although recent work has provided evidence that some plants can use multiple decarboxylases, with maize in particular using both the NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) pathway and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) pathway. Parallel C4 pathways could be advantageous in balancing energy and reducing equivalents between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, in decreasing the size of the metabolite gradients between cells and may better accommodate changing environmental conditions or source to sink demands on growth. The enzyme activity of C4 decarboxylases can fluctuate with different stages of leaf development, but it remains unclear if the pathway flexibility is an innate aspect of leaf development or an adaptation to the leaf microenvironment that is regulated by the plant. In this study, variation in the two C4 pathways in maize were characterized at nine plant ages throughout the life cycle. Two positions in the canopy were examined for variation in physiology, gene expression, metabolite concentration, and enzyme activity, with particular interest in asparagine as a potential regulator of C4 decarboxylase activity. Variation in C4 and C3 metabolism was observed for both leaf age and canopy position, reflecting the ability of C4 pathways to adapt to changing microenvironments.

scholarly journals C4 photosynthesis with Kranz anatomy evolved in the Oryza coarctata Roxb

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni Chowrasia ◽  
Tapan Kumar Mondal
Keyword(s):  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Ultrastructural Observation ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

AbstractThe C4 cycle is a complex biochemical pathway that has been evolved in plants to deal with the adverse environmental conditions. Mostly C4 plants grow in arid, water-logged area or poor nutrient habitats. Wild species, Oryza coarctata (genome type KKLL; chromosome number (4x) =48, genome size 665 Mb) belongs to the genus of Oryza which thrives well under high saline as well as submerged conditions. Here, we report for the first time that O. coarctata is a C4 plant by observing the increased biomass growth, morphological features such as vein density, anatomical features including ultrastuctural characteristics as well as expression patterns of C4 related genes. Leaves of O. coarctata have higher vein density and possess Kranz anatomy. The ultrastructural observation showed chloroplast dimorphism i.e. presence of agranal chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells whereas, mesophyll cells contain granal chloroplasts. The cell walls of bundle sheath cells contain tangential suberin lamella. The transcript level of C4 specific genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase, NADP-dependent malic enzyme and malate dehydrogenase was higher in leaves of O. coarctata compare to high yielding rice cultivar (IR-29). These anatomical, ultra structural as well as molecular changes in O. coarctata for C4 photosynthesis adaptation might be might be due to its survival in wide diverse condition from aquatic to saline submerged condition. Being in the genus of Oryza, this plant could be potential donor for production of C4 rice in future through conventional breeding, as successful cross with rice has already been reported.

The CO2 Concentrating Mechanism of C4 Photosynthesis: Bundle Sheath Cell CO2 Concentration and Leakage

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin L. D. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Net Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Oxygenase Activity

The C4 acid cycle functions in C4 photosynthesis to concentrate CO2 in bundle sheath (BS) cells, thereby minimising oxygenase activity of Rubisco and associated photorespiration. Some key features of this process are reviewed here. During steady-state photosynthesis, the CO2 concentration maintained in BS cells must be a compromise since, at the higher levels required to prevent photorespiration, the potential for CO2 leakage from BS cells would be increased. Despite its central importance in C4 photosynthesis, it has not been possible to precisely determine the BS CO2 concentration. Leakage requires that the C4 cycle rate exceeds the net photosynthesis rate and lowers the efficiency of the overall process. Leakage of CO2 from the BS has been estimated by a number of indirect and, recently, by more direct methods. In a simulation, simple relationships between Rubisco activity, photorespiration, and leakage were calculated at increasing BS CO2 concentrations. From this, and determined values for leakage, the likely concentration of CO2 in BS cells may be 10–20-fold greater than in mesophyll cells. Higher concentrations would have little further effect on oxygenase activity.

bundle sheath defective, a mutation that disrupts cellular differentiation in maize leaves

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Langdale ◽  
C. A. Kidner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Sheath Cell ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cell ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Sheath Cells

Post-primordial differentiation events in developing maize leaves produce two photosynthetic cell types (bundle sheath and mesophyll) that are morphologically and biochemically distinct. We have isolated a mutation that disrupts the differentiation of one of these cell types in light-grown leaves. bundle sheath defective 1-mutable 1 (bsd1-m1) is an unstable allele that was induced by transposon mutagenesis. In the bundle sheath cells of bsd1-m1 leaves, chloroplasts differentiate aberrantly and C4 photosynthetic enzymes are absent. The development of mesophyll cells is unaffected. In dark-grown bsd1-m1 seedlings, morphological differentiation of etioplasts is only disrupted in bundle sheath cells but photosynthetic enzyme accumulation patterns are altered in both cell types. These data suggest that, during normal development, the Bsd1 gene directs the morphological differentiation of chloroplasts in a light-independent and bundle sheath cell-specific fashion. In contrast, Bsd1 gene action on photosynthetic gene expression patterns is cell-type independent in the dark (C3 state) but bundle sheath cell-specific in the light (C4 state). Current models hypothesize that C4 photosynthetic differentiation is achieved through a light-induced interaction between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells (J. A. Langdale and T. Nelson (1991) Trends in Genetics 7, 191–196). Based on the data shown in this paper, we propose that induction of the C4 state restricts Bsd1 gene action to bundle sheath cells.

Control of cellular differentiation in maize leaves

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1331) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Single Cell Type

Mature maize leaves exhibit a series of parallel veins that are surrounded by concentric rings of bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. To identify genes that control cellular differentiation patterns in the leaf, we have isolated a group of mutations that specifically disrupt the differentiation of a single cell-type. In bundle sheath defective ( bsd ) mutant plants, bundle sheath cells fail to differentiate yet mesophyll and all other leaf cell-types develop normally. Morphological and functional characterization of specific bsd mutants ( bsd1, bsd2, bsd3, pg14 and g2 ) reveals that they differ in the degree to which bundle sheath cell differentiation is perturbed. Mutant analysis predicts roles for BSD gene products in normal development.

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