scholarly journals The parental care behaviour ofParatilapia polleni (Perciformes, Labroidei), a phylogenetically primitive cichlid from Madagascar, with a discussion of the evolution of maternal care in the family Cichlidae

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie L. J. Stiassny ◽  
Cynthia L. Gerstner
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals The principle of self-determination in the family law through history and today

2004 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Gordana Kovacek-Stanic
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment

In the jubilee year 2004, Serbia marks the 200th anniversary of The First Serbian Uprising, structuring of modern Serbian state and its legal system comparatively speaking, France marks the 200th anniversary of passing the French Civil Code, one of the most significant civil codifications in the 19th century. It was an occasion to study certain institutions of family law through history and today. The used approach is modern, we studied the ways how the principle of self-determination influenced the family-legal solutions today, and we investigated if one could talk about the effect of this principle in the historical sense, too. The principle of self-determination implies the possibility for the subjects of family-legal relations to arrange their own relations themselves ? both the partner and parent relations. However, this principle undergoes significant limitations in the family law because the family relations are personal relations by character, as well as because of the need to protect the weaker participant, both the weaker partner or a child who needs protection stemming from his/her very status. Within marriage law, the principle of self-determination of the spouses (extramarital partners) is, among other things, made concrete through the possibility for an agreement about the effects of marriage (extramarital union), then through the possibility of agreed divorce, while the procedure of mediation in the marriage litigation contributes to the realization of the mentioned principle. As for the effects of marriage (extramarital union), the paper particularly discusses property relations, that is the marriage property contract, because it is at the moment a current issue in our domestic law. Within the relations between parents and children, the concretization of the principle of self-determination in parental care is significant, particularly in the situations when the relations between the parents were disturbed and resulted in a separation or a divorce with the joint parental care (application of the parental right). All institutions are analyzed in the positive law, in the historical context (solutions from the Serbian Civil Code the former Hungarian Law), and viewed comparatively in the European legal systems of the east and west European countries.

scholarly journals SUBJECTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT IDENTIFICATION OF CHILDREN SEPARATED WITH FAMILY IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
А. М. Мамульчик
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Her Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
The Status

The relevance of the article is that the granting of special status «child divorced from the family» in the Ukrainian legislation includes three aspects: 1) identification of a person who is a child separated from the family; 2) granting the status of «child deprived of parental care»; 3) it is possible to grant the status of “refugee” or “person in need of additional protection”, as any person recognized as a child divorced from a family is recognized as a child deprived of parental care and can apply for asylum in Ukraine (and receive refugee status or a person in need of additional protection). Each of the identified aspects of the above status is the responsibility of certain public authorities, ie public administration entities, which are endowed with the appropriate powers. The purpose of the article is to identify the subjects of administrative and legal support for the identification of children separated from their families, ie the subjects of public administration, which are empowered to identify such children in Ukraine. It was found that in fact, the identification of a child separated from the family at the present stage in Ukraine does not belong to the responsibilities of public administration, but is the responsibility of the child who was forced to leave the country of origin or residence and arrived in the territory of Ukraine unaccompanied by a family member or persons determined by law/custom who are responsible for such a person, or who were left unaccompanied after arriving on the territory of Ukraine, or its legal representatives. In our opinion, the absence in the legal acts that determine the legal status of public administration entities, whose activities include the identification of children separated from their families, their obligation to identify such children is a shortcoming of administrative and legal support for child status. , separated from her family, in Ukraine. It is determined that the subjects of public administration, which have the authority to identify children separated from their families, include the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, executive authorities, local governments, the National Police of Ukraine, the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Johana Goyes Vallejos ◽  
Karim Ramirez-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Mortality Causes

Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica. Members of the family Centrolenidae—commonly known as “glass frogs”—exhibit arboreal egg-laying behavior, depositing their clutches on riparian vegetation. Few studies have investigated specific causes of mortality during embryonic stages, perhaps the most vulnerable stage during the anuran life cycle. The Emerald Glass Frog, Espadarana prosoblepon, was used as a case study to investigate the causes of embryonic mortality in a species with short-term (i.e., less than 1 day) parental care. The specific sources of mortality of eggs of E. prosoblepon were quantified and overall rates of survival (hatching success) were estimated. Nineteen egg clutches were transferred from permanent outside enclosures to the wild. Clutch development was monitored daily until hatching; five mortality causes were quantified: desiccation, failure to develop, fungal infection, predation, and “rain-stripped.” The main causes of mortality were predation (often by katydids and wasps) and embryos stripped from the leaf during heavy rains. The results were compared to those of previous studies of centrolenids exhibiting parental care, and discussed in the context of the importance of the natural history data for these frogs with regard to understanding the evolutionary history of parental care in glass frogs.

Atypical reproduction in a syllid worm: the stolon of Syllis rosea (Annelida, Syllidae) takes care of its offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Joachim Langeneck ◽  
Michela Del Pasqua ◽  
Margherita Licciano ◽  
Adriana Giangrande ◽  
Luigi Musco
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

AbstractThe family Syllidae, aside from representing the most species-rich family in Annelida, is characterized by a number of sexual and asexual reproductive strategies. With the exception of a few viviparous species, the subfamily Syllinae is characterized by schizogamous reproduction with pelagic larval stages and without parental care. Laboratory rearing of ripe specimens of Syllis rosea showed a different reproductive strategy, hitherto unknown in this subfamily. While male stolons rapidly degenerated after fertilization, female ones released large eggs in a gelatinous cluster attached to the middle-posterior chaetigers. The gel mass progressively compacted as a cocoon wrapped by the stolon body; 7 days after the deposition the larvae hatched out from the cocoon at the metatrochophore stage and the female stolon died after a few days. After hatching the larvae remained associated to the stolon, and young specimens of S. rosea survived up to the 3-chaetiger stage. Until now cocoon brooding by the stolon has only been reported for some Autolytinae. The production of gelatinous egg masses and parental care are known in basally branching clades within Syllidae, suggesting that this reproduction mode might retain some ancestral features. The scarce knowledge about reproductive cycles in Syllinae does not allow clarification whether this strategy is unique for S. rosea, or it occurs in other congeneric species. Further research is needed to understand possible relationships between sexual reproduction and phylogeny, stolon morphology and its adaptation to parental care, and ultimately between reproductive strategies and ecology.

Physiological cost of maternal care? Effect of pre- and post-hatching care on the clutch size in the earwig Anisolabis maritima

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seizi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Lifetime Fecundity ◽  
Total Lifetime ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
First Clutch ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Time Point

There may be a trade-off between parental care and future reproductive success. Parental care usually consists of multiple components, and quantifying the cost of each component is necessary to assess the exact costs of parental care. In this study, I examined the trade-offs associated with maternal care in the earwig Anisolabis maritima (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae). I evaluated how many clutches A. maritima can produce and how the number and size of the clutch are affected by maternal care, distinguishing the cost of each component. The interval from the time point at which the mothers were removed from their eggs or young to produce the next clutch differed with treatment, and a significant interaction was observed between the effects of clutch order and presence of care on the size of the next clutch when the first clutch was removed immediately. However, longevity and total lifetime fecundity were not different in the presence or absence of care. This showed that females which were removed from a clutch produced the second or later clutches more rapidly although the clutch sizes were smaller. Because the total lifetime fecundity did not differ, irrespective of the presence or absence of care, it is possible that the costs of such care in A. maritima have a small effect.

scholarly journals Foster family: from motivation to successful parenting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1 (130)) ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
Alla Yaroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Foster Family ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Child Socialization ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Family State

Nowadays, the problem of protecting the rights and interests of orphaned children and children deprived of parental care is gaining relevance. The family is viewed as a leading institution for child socialization, a guarantor of his/her harmonious development and satisfaction of his/her needs; therefore, foster families as a modern form of temporary family placement for children is currently deemed to be preferential. Experts gradually start to realize the necessity of transition to the “professionalization of care” in general and parenthood in particular, when care is considered as a special type of activity that implies possession of specific skills and abilities. Such activity may go beyond the domestic sphere and take place with the involvement of the family, state, market and non-governmental associations. In view of this, the development of family forms of placement requires creation of mechanisms for the selection and training of adults who intend to take children deprived of parental care into their family. The article presents motivational complexes and values encouraging parents to start a foster family. Replacement family models have been characterized in terms of the educational function implementation being successful or unsuccessful. Successful parenthood criteria have been defined at three levels: child-parent relationships, parents' interactions, interrelation between the family and society. Social and psychological features of foster parents have been analyzed, which features have an impact on successful adaptation of the family in the situation where a child is being taken into the family. The importance of taking account of additional factors that underlie potential success of a foster family has been substantiated. It is emphasized that such gender-related aspects of foster parenthood as the husbands' involvement in doing housework and looking after children, children's gender socialization, single foster parents, instances of domestic violence in foster families, etc. still have not been extensively covered in scientific literature.

scholarly journals On the issue of socialization of orphaned children in a foster family: pedagogical aspect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Р. Гельмутдинова
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Foster Family ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pedagogical Aspect

Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что в условиях интернатного учреждения ребенок, оставшийся без попечения родителей, не имеет возможности полноценно социализироваться. Цель статьи заключается в выявлении ресурсов приемной семьи в оказании помощи таким детям стать полноценными членами общества, научиться управлять своим поведением в соответствии с принятыми нормами и ценностями, так как именно семья является важнейшим институтом социализации. Автором выявлены сущность и содержание процесса социализации, особенности его протекания в условиях приемной семьи, определены уровни социализированности ребенка. Предложены критерии оценки составляющих процесса социализации и соответствующий диагностический инструментарий. Статья предназначена для специалистов органов опеки и попечительства, сотрудников интернатных учреждений, социальных педагогов. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that in the conditions of a boarding institution, a child left without parental care does not have the opportunity to fully socialize. The purpose of the article is to identify the resources of a foster family in helping such children become full-fledged members of society, learn to manage their behavior in accordance with accepted norms and values, since it is the family that is the most important institution of socialization. The author reveals the essence and content of the process of socialization, the peculiarities of its course in the conditions of a foster family, the levels of socialization of the child are determined. The criteria for evaluating the components of the socialization process and the corresponding diagnostic tools are proposed. The article is intended for specialists of guardianship and guardianship authorities, employees of boarding institutions, social educators

scholarly journals Parental caringscapes – the analyses of mothering practices in local community contexts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Éva Nagy ◽  
Anita Horkai
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Parental Experience ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Family Sociology ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
New Mother

During the last two decades of Family Sociology there is a growing interest toward understanding the complex phenomenon of parental experience. According to the changing perspective of the field, parental experience is embracing three different but interrelated aspects: the parenthood as a social institution, practices and agency of parenting and the intimate relationship between a particular child and her/his parent. This approach reflects to the changing social interpretations of parenthood and the growing emphasize on the “good parenting” in lay and professional discourses, and diversification of institutional and informal contexts of parental care. As a part of this process the status that parents occupy in different social fields shows diversity as well, and sometimes parents experience distance between the value of their parental status in varying contexts. Becoming a new mother can lead to central position in the family, while on the societal level it may goes together with a kind of isolation and the feeling of periphery. This gap has an effect on evaluation of parental competencies, autonomy and parental interpretations of care. In our study implementing a human geographic approach we suggest that parental care and the relating experiences cannot be separated from the wider and narrower space, place and time where the actual caring work is occurring.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document