Interrelationships between gill chloride cell morphology and calcium uptake in freshwater teleosts

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Perry ◽  
G. G. Goss ◽  
J. C. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

The interrelationships between gill chloride cell morphology and ionic uptake in four freshwater teleosts

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1775-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Perry ◽  
G. G. Goss ◽  
P. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Interspecific Variability ◽  
Fractional Area ◽  
Ionic Uptake ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

We have investigated the role of the gill chloride cell in transbranchial Na+ and Cl− uptake in four species of freshwater teleost maintained in water of identical ionic composition. The basic experimental protocol was to determine whether interspecific variability in the rates of whole body Na+ or Cl− uptake could be accounted for by similar interspecific variability in the fractional area of branchial chloride cells exposed to the external environment. To investigate the underlying cause(s) of intraspecific variability, chronic (10 day) treatment with cortisol in each species was used as a tool to evoke variations in both the rates of ionic uptake and chloride cell morphology. Examination of transmission and scanning electron micrographs revealed distinctive chloride cell and pavement cell morphology in each species. The results of quantitative morphometry, based on analysis of scanning electron micrographs, demonstrated that European eel (Anguilla anguilla) possessed the lowest chloride cell fractional area on the filament epithelium (11 288 ± 2133 μm2/mm2) followed, in increasing order, by brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus; 48 341 ± 7694 μm2/mm2), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; 85 194 ± 10 326 μm2/mm2), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 146 333 ± 31 356 μm2/mm2). With the exception of rainbow trout, chronic treatment with cortisol caused significant increases in the chloride cell fractional area of filament epithelium owing to enlargement of the surface area of individual chloride cells and (or) proliferation of chloride cells. Both the inter- and intra-specific differences in chloride cell fractional area were reflected by similar differences in whole body Cl− and Na+ uptake. The results of correlation analysis revealed (with the exception of whole body Na+ uptake in A. anguilla) significant correlations between chloride cell fractional area and the rates of ionic uptake within and among the four species that were examined. These data suggest that the chloride cell is a significant site of ionic uptake in freshwater teleosts and that both inter- and intra-specific differences in the rates of ionic uptake can be explained by variability in the surface area of chloride cells on the gill epithelia.

The effects of changes in salinity on osmoregulation and chloride cell morphology of juvenile Australian snapper, Pagrus auratus

Aquaculture ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 272 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 656-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stewart Fielder ◽  
Geoff L. Allan ◽  
Debbie Pepperall ◽  
Patricia M. Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Pagrus Auratus

Effects of a low-Ca2+ environment on branchial chloride cell morphology in chum salmon fry and immunolocalization of Ca2+-ATPase in chloride cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Uchida ◽  
Sanae Hasegawa ◽  
Toyoji Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Morphological Evidence

To clarify the involvement of branchial chloride cells in Ca2+ uptake in fresh water (FW), chloride-cell morphology was compared in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry acclimated to defined FWs with different Ca2+ concentrations (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mM). Using immunocytochemical staining with an antiserum specific for Na+,K+-ATPase, chloride cells were detected in both filament and lamellar epithelia. The numbers and sizes of chloride cells in the lamellar epithelia were greater in the low-Ca2+ groups (0 and 0.1 mM Ca2+) than in the normal-Ca2+ groups (0.5 mM Ca2+ and normal FW), whereas filament chloride cells were not affected in number or size by the environmental Ca2+ concentration. Electron-microscope observations also revealed that enlarged lamellar chloride cells were more frequently observed in the 0 mM Ca2+ group than in the 0.5 mM Ca2+ group. To obtain morphological evidence for Ca2+ uptake through the branchial epithelia, cellular localization of Ca2+-ATPase was examined with a monoclonal antibody specific for human erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase. Ca2+-ATPase immunoreactivity was detected in Na+,K+-ATPase-immunoreactive chloride cells in both filament and lamellar epithelia. Using electron-microscope immunocytochemistry, Ca2+-ATPase was found to be localized in the tubular system, which is continuous with the basolateral membrane of chloride cells. These findings indicate that chloride cells in the lamellar epithelia activated by a low Ca2+ concentration may constitute the extra Ca2+ and NaCl uptake capacity required to maintain homeostasis in soft water.

In vivo sequential changes in chloride cell morphology in the yolk-sac membrane of mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) embryos and larvae during seawater adaptation

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (24) ◽  
pp. 3485-3495 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hiroi ◽  
T. Kaneko ◽  
M. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Seawater Adaptation ◽  
Accessory Cells

Changes in chloride cell morphology were examined in the yolk-sac membrane of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) embryos and larvae transferred from fresh water to sea water. By labelling chloride cells with DASPEI, a fluorescent probe specific for mitochondria, we observed in vivo sequential changes in individual chloride cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In embryos transferred from fresh water to sea water 3 days after fertilization, 75 % of chloride cells survived for 96 h, and cells showed a remarkable increase in size. In contrast, the cell size did not change in embryos and larvae kept in fresh water. The same rate of chloride cell turnover was observed in both fresh water and sea water. Using differential interference contrast (DIC) optics and whole-mount immunocytochemistry with anti-Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, we classified chloride cells into three developmental stages: a single chloride cell without an apical pit, a single chloride cell with an apical pit, and a multicellular complex of chloride and accessory cells with an apical pit. DIC and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that single chloride cells enlarged and were frequently indented by newly differentiated accessory cells to form multicellular complexes during seawater adaptation. These results indicate that freshwater-type single chloride cells are transformed into seawater-type multicellular complexes during seawater adaptation, suggesting plasticity in the ion-transporting functions of chloride cells in the yolk-sac membrane of tilapia embryos and larvae.

scholarly journals Osmoregulatory and endocrine relationships with chloride cell morphology and density during smoltification in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Aquaculture ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Harold Richman ◽  
Susan Tai de Diaz ◽  
Richard S. Nishioka ◽  
Patrick Prunet ◽  
Howard A. Bern
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Chloride Cell

Cell morphology, volume, and surface area determinations from multilevel contouring within HVEM micrographs of serial sections and whole-cell mounts

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
M. Marko ◽  
A. Leith ◽  
D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Computer Based

The use of serial sections and computer-based 3-D reconstruction techniques affords an opportunity not only to visualize the shape and distribution of the structures being studied, but also to determine their volumes and surface areas. Up until now, this has been done using serial ultrathin sections.The serial-section approach differs from the stereo logical methods of Weibel in that it is based on the Information from a set of single, complete cells (or organelles) rather than on a random 2-dimensional sampling of a population of cells. Because of this, it can more easily provide absolute values of volume and surface area, especially for highly-complex structures. It also allows study of individual variation among the cells, and study of structures which occur only infrequently.We have developed a system for 3-D reconstruction of objects from stereo-pair electron micrographs of thick specimens.

The effect of ionophore A23178 on the α-actinin crosslinks in the z-band of frog skeletal muscle: An EM study

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
F.T. Llados ◽  
V. Krlho ◽  
G.D. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ach Release ◽  
Sustained Action ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Intense Stimulation

It Is known that Ca++ enters the muscle fiber at the junctional area during the action of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh). Pappas and Rose demonstrated that following Intense stimulation, calcium deposits are found In the postsynaptic muscle membrane, Indicating the existence of calcium uptake In the postsynaptic area following ACh release. In addition to this calcium uptake, when mammal Ian skeletal muscles are exposed to a sustained action of the neurotransmitter, muscle damage develops. These same effects, l.e., Increased transmitter release, calcium uptake and finally muscle damage, can be obtained by Incubating the muscle with lonophore A23178.

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