The Oxygen Mass Transfer, Carbon Dioxide Inhibition, Heat Removal, and the Energy and Cost Efficiencies of High Pressure Fermentation

2005 ◽  
pp. 77-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnd Knoll ◽  
Bernd Maier ◽  
Hermann Tscherrig ◽  
Jochen Büchs
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Oxygen Mass Transfer ◽  
Cost Efficiencies ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Inhibition

A New Method for Measuring Solvent Diffusivity in Heavy Oil by Dynamic Pendant Drop Shape Analysis (DPDSA)

SPE Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaodong Yang ◽  
Yongan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Oil Reservoirs ◽  
Pressure Cell ◽  
Heavy Oil Reservoirs

Summary This paper presents a new experimental method and its computational scheme for measuring solvent diffusivity in heavy oil under practical reservoir conditions by DPDSA. In the experiment, a see-through windowed high-pressure cell is filled with a test solvent at desired pressure and temperature. Then, a heavy-oil sample is introduced through a syringe delivery system to form a pendant oil drop inside the pressure cell. The subsequent diffusion of the solvent into the pendant oil drop causes its shape and volume to change until an equilibrium state is reached. The sequential digital images of the dynamic pendant oil drop are acquired and digitized by applying computer-aided digital image-acquisition and -processing techniques. Physically, variations of the shape and volume of the dynamic pendant oil drop are attributed to the interfacial tension reduction and the well-known oil-swelling effect as the solvent gradually dissolves into heavy oil. Theoretically, the interfacial profile of the dynamic pendant oil drop is governed by the Laplace equation of capillarity, and the molecular diffusion process of the solvent into the pendant oil drop is described by the diffusion equation. An objective function is constructed to express the discrepancy between the numerically predicted and experimentally observed interfacial profiles of the dynamic pendant oil drop. The solvent diffusivity in heavy oil and the mass-transfer Biot number are used as adjustable parameters and thus are determined once the minimum objective function is achieved. This novel experimental technique is tested to measure diffusivities of carbon dioxide in a brine sample and a heavy-oil sample, respectively. It should be noted that, with the present technique, a single diffusivity measurement can be completed within an hour and only a small amount of oil sample is required. The interface mass-transfer coefficient at the solvent/heavy-oil interface can also be determined. In particular, this new technique allows the measurement of solvent diffusivity in an oil sample at constant prespecified high pressure and temperature. Therefore, it is especially suitable for studying the mass-transfer process of injected solvent into heavy oil during solvent-based post-cold heavy-oil production (post-CHOP). Introduction Western Canada has tremendous heavy oil and bitumen resources (Farouq Ali 2003, Miller et al. 2002). Approximately 80 to 95% of the original-oil-in-place is still left behind at the economic limit after cold heavy-oil production (Miller et al. 2002). This is a large oil-in-place target for follow-up enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. After primary production, most Canadian heavy-oil reservoirs cannot be further exploited economically by thermal recovery processes because reservoir formations are thin and/or there is active bottomwater. In the literature, some studies have been conducted to evaluate the other recovery methods for these heavy-oil reservoirs (Miller et al. 2002, Das 1995, Frauenfeld et al. 1998, Metwally 1998). Among these methods, vapor extraction (VAPEX) and other solvent-based post-CHOP processes are probably the most promising EOR techniques. In practice, the solvent can be carbon dioxide, flue gas, and light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, ethane, propane, and butane.

scholarly journals Modelling of High Pressure, High Concentration Carbon Dioxide Capture in Absorption Column

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1138-1142
Author(s):  
Tan Lian See ◽  
Tay Wee Horng ◽  
Kok Keong Lau ◽  
Mohd Shariff Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Conservation Equation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Absorption Column ◽  
Gas Removal

With the depletion of low carbon dioxide (CO2) content natural gas reserves, there is a pressing need to explore the vastly undeveloped high CO2 content natural gas reserves and reduce the release of greenhouse gas CO2 into environment. Our previous investigation on the absorption performance of CO2 at high concentration level of 50% from mixture of CO2-natural gas stream for 20wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution in countercurrent packed column indicated efficient removal at high pressure condition. In this present work, a combination mass transfer, chemical reaction of MEA as well as mass conservation equation was developed to model the removal behavior of the high pressure, high concentration CO2 capture along the absorption column. The model developed in this study had satisfactorily represented the mass transfer behavior for high pressure and high CO2 concentration gas removal along the absorption column.

scholarly journals The degradation of cellulose in ionic mixture solutions under the high pressure of carbon dioxide

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3484-3494
Author(s):  
Sumarno ◽  
Prida Novarita Trisanti ◽  
Bramantyo Airlangga ◽  
Novi Eka Mayangsari ◽  
Agus Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Reducing Sugar

Cellulose processing by a hydrothermal process as well as in combination with a sonication pretreatment under a CO2 pressurization that affects the morphology and reducing sugar products.

scholarly journals Two-Phase Flow Mass Transfer Analysis of Airlift Pump for Aquaculture Applications

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Rashal Abed ◽  
Mohamed M. Hussein ◽  
Wael H. Ahmed ◽  
Sherif Abdou
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Rate ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Oxygen Mass Transfer ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Airlift Pump

Airlift pumps can be used in the aquaculture industry to provide aeration while concurrently moving water utilizing the dynamics of two-phase flow in the pump riser. The oxygen mass transfer that occurs from the injected compressed air to the water in the aquaculture systems can be experimentally investigated to determine the pump aeration capabilities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of various airflow rates as well as the injection methods on the oxygen transfer rate within a dual injector airlift pump system. Experiments were conducted using an airlift pump connected to a vertical pump riser within a recirculating system. Both two-phase flow patterns and the void fraction measurements were used to evaluate the dissolved oxygen mass transfer mechanism through the airlift pump. A dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor was used to determine the DO levels within the airlift pumping system at different operating conditions required by the pump. Flow visualization imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed in order to better understand the effects of the two-phase flow patterns on the aeration performance. It was found that the radial injection method reached the saturation point faster at lower airflow rates, whereas the axial method performed better as the airflow rates were increased. The standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) were calculated and were found to strongly depend on the injection method as well as the two-phase flow patterns in the pump riser.

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