In Vitro High-Pressure Incubation and Activity Measurement of Deep-Sea Methanogenic Archaea

2015 ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Tasumi ◽  
Katsunori Yanagawa ◽  
Junichi Miyazaki ◽  
Ken Takai
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Activity Measurement

High-Pressure Homogenization Alters Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea Opposita Thunb.) Starch

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Wang Yi-Wei ◽  
He Yong-Zhao ◽  
An Feng-Ping ◽  
Huang Qun ◽  
Zeng Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Chinese Yam ◽  
Crystal Type

In this study, Chinese yam starch-water suspension (8%) were subjected to high-pressure homogenization (HPH) at 100 MPa for increasing cycle numbers, and its effect of on the physicochemical properties of the starch was investigated. Results of the polarizing microscope observations showed that the starch granules were disrupted (i.e. greater breakdown value) after HPH treatment, followed by a decrease in cross polarization. After three HPH cycles, the crystallinity of starch decreased, while the crystal type remained unaltered. Meanwhile, the contents of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch were increased. On the contrary, resistant starch content was decreased. Our results indicate that HPH treatment resulted in reduction of starch crystallinity and increase of starch digestibility.

scholarly journals Effects of Size and Surface Properties of Nanodiamonds on the Immunogenicity of Plant-Based H5 Protein of A/H5N1 Virus in Mice

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
Thuong Thi Ho ◽  
Van Thi Pham ◽  
Tra Thi Nguyen ◽  
Vy Thai Trinh ◽  
Tram Vi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
H5n1 Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Particle Characterization ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Positively Charged

Nanodiamond (ND) has recently emerged as a potential nanomaterial for nanovaccine development. Here, a plant-based haemagglutinin protein (H5.c2) of A/H5N1 virus was conjugated with detonation NDs (DND) of 3.7 nm in diameter (ND4), and high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) oxidative NDs of ~40–70 nm (ND40) and ~100–250 nm (ND100) in diameter. Our results revealed that the surface charge, but not the size of NDs, is crucial to the protein conjugation, as well as the in vitro and in vivo behaviors of H5.c2:ND conjugates. Positively charged ND4 does not effectively form stable conjugates with H5.c2, and has no impact on the immunogenicity of the protein both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the negatively oxidized NDs (ND40 and ND100) are excellent protein antigen carriers. When compared to free H5.c2, H5.c2:ND40, and H5.c2:ND100 conjugates are highly immunogenic with hemagglutination titers that are both 16 times higher than that of the free H5.c2 protein. Notably, H5.c2:ND40 and H5.c2:ND100 conjugates induce over 3-folds stronger production of both H5.c2-specific-IgG and neutralizing antibodies against A/H5N1 than free H5.c2 in mice. These findings support the innovative strategy of using negatively oxidized ND particles as novel antigen carriers for vaccine development, while also highlighting the importance of particle characterization before use.

A Study of the Sealing Performance of a New High-Pressure Cone Valve for Deep-Sea Gas-Tight Water Samplers

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Jun Wu ◽  
Can-Jun Yang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Yan-Qing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Contact Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Sea Trial ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
Pressure Cone ◽  
Gas Tight

The cone valve plays an important role in high-pressure sealing applications. In this paper, a new high-pressure cone valve, based on the titanium alloy poppet-to-polyetheretherketone seat sealing structure, is proposed for deep-sea gas-tight water samplers. In order to study the sealing performance of the new valve, both the conforming poppet-seat contact model and the nonconforming poppet-seat contact model were evaluated. Finite element analysis based on the two models was performed and validated by experiments. The results indicate that the nonconforming poppet-seat contact model has a better sealing performance than the conforming poppet-seat contact model. The new cone valve also was applied in a gas-tight hydrothermal fluid sampler and successfully tested in a sea trial during the KNOX18RR cruise from 9 July to 12 August 2008.

scholarly journals BDMC protects AD in vitro via AMPK and SIRT1

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Chenlin Xu ◽  
Zijian Xiao ◽  
Heng Wu ◽  
Guijuan Zhou ◽  
Duanqun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Compound C

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder without any satisfactory therapeutic approaches. AD is mainly characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and extensive neuronal cell death. Curcumin, with anti-oxidative stress (OS) and cell apoptosis properties, plays essential roles in AD. However, whether bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a derivative of curcumin, can exert a neuroprotective effect in AD remains to be elucidated.MethodsIn this study, SK-N-SH cells were used to establish an in vitro model to investigate the effects of BDMC on the Aβ1–42-induced neurotoxicity. SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with BDMC and with or without compound C and EX527 for 30 min after co-incubation with rotenone for 24 h. Subsequently, western blotting, cell viability assay and SOD and GSH activity measurement were performed.ResultsBDMC increased the cell survival, anti-OS ability, AMPK phosphorylation levels and SIRT1 in SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42. However, after treatment with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, and EX527, an SIRT1inhibitor, the neuroprotective roles of BDMC on SK-N-SH cells treated with Aβ1–42 were inhibited.ConclusionThese results suggest that BDMC exerts a neuroprotective role on SK-N-SH cells in vitro via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, laying the foundation for the application of BDMC in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases related to AMPK/SIRT1 signaling.

scholarly journals In Vitro Protein Disappearance of Raw Chicken as Dog Foods Decreased by Thermal Processing, but Was Unaffected by Non-Thermal Processing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Hansol Kim ◽  
Ah Hyun Jung ◽  
Sung Hee Park ◽  
Yohan Yoon ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Uv Led

The objectives of the present study were to determine the influence of thermal and non-thermal processing procedures on in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in chicken meat as dog foods using 2-step in vitro assays. In thermal processing experiments, IVID of DM and CP in chicken meat thermally processed at 70, 90, and 121 °C, respectively, with increasing processing time was determined. For non-thermal processing experiments, IVID of DM and CP in chicken meat processed by high-pressure, ultraviolet-light emitting diode (UV-LED), electron-beam, and gamma-ray was determined. Thermal processing of chicken meat at 70, 90, and 121 °C resulted in decreased IVID of CP (p < 0.05) as heating time increased. In non-thermal processing experiment, IVID of CP in chicken meat was not affected by high-pressure processing or UV-LED radiation. In vitro ileal disappearance of CP in electron-beam- or gamma-ray-irradiated chicken meat was not affected by the irradiation intensity. Taken together, ileal protein digestibility of chicken meat for dogs is decreased by thermal processing, but is minimally affected by non-thermal processing methods.

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