One Face of Chlamydia trachomatis: The Infectious Elementary Body

2016 ◽  
pp. 35-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde M. Cossé ◽  
Richard D. Hayward ◽  
Agathe Subtil
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Elementary Body

scholarly journals Effects ofMentha suaveolensEssential Oil onChlamydia trachomatis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Sessa ◽  
Marisa Di Pietro ◽  
Fiorenzo De Santis ◽  
Simone Filardo ◽  
Rino Ragno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Reticulate Body ◽  
Preventative Strategy

Chlamydia trachomatis, the most common cause of sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, has a unique biphasic developmental cycle alternating between the infectious elementary body and the replicative reticulate body.C. trachomatisis responsible for severe reproductive complications including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and obstructive infertility. The aim of our study was to evaluate whetherMentha suaveolensessential oil (EOMS) can be considered as a promising candidate for preventingC. trachomatisinfection. Specifically, we investigated thein vitroeffects of EOMS towardsC. trachomatisanalysing the different phases of chlamydial developmental cycle. Our results demonstrated that EOMS was effective towardsC. trachomatis, whereby it not only inactivated infectious elementary bodies but also inhibited chlamydial replication. Our study also revealed the effectiveness of EOMS, in combination with erythromycin, towardsC. trachomatiswith a substantial reduction in the minimum effect dose of antibiotic. In conclusion, EOMS treatment may represent a preventative strategy since it may reduceC. trachomatistransmission in the population and, thereby, reduce the number of new chlamydial infections and risk of developing of severe sequelae.

scholarly journals Chlamydial infection and disease in the koala

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Timms
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Reticulate Body ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Serious Disease

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens able to infect and cause serious disease in humans, birds and a remarkably wide range of warm and cold-blooded animals. The family Chlamydiaciae have traditionally been defined by their unique biphasic developmental cycle, involving the interconversion between an extracellular survival form, the elementary body and an intracellular replicative form, the reticulate body. However, as with many other bacteria, molecular approaches including 16SrRNA sequence are becoming the standard of choice. As a consequence, the chlamydiae are in a taxonomic state of flux. Prior to 1999, the family Chlamydiaceae consisted of one genus, Chlamydia, and four species, Chlamydia trachomatis, C. psittaci, C. pecorum and C. pneumoniae. In 1999, Everett et al proposed a reclassification of Chlamydia into two genera (Chlamydia and Chlamydophila) and nine species (Chlamydia trachomatis, C. suis, and C. muridarum and Chlamydophila psittaci, C. pneumoniae, C. felis, C. pecorum, C. abortus, and C. caviae). While some of these species are thought to be host specific (C. suis ? pigs, C. muridarum ? mice, C. felis ? cats, C. caviae ? guinea pigs) many are known to infect and cause disease in a wide range of hosts.

Immunoperoxidase Labeling Demonstrates an Early Divergence of Chlamydia Trachomatis from the Endosomal-Lysosomal Pathway

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1032-1033
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Fischer ◽  
Marci A. Scidmore-Carlson ◽  
Ted Hackstadt
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Labeling ◽  
Preventable Blindness

Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for several significant human diseases including trachoma, the primary source of preventable blindness in developing countries, and is the most common cause of sexually transmitted disease. C. trachomatis is an obligate intracellular prokaryote (ICP) relying on eukaryotic host cells for growth and replication. Typically, microorganisms engulfed by host cells, are trafficked through maturing endosomes to the lysosomal pathway and ultimately destroyed. Survival in a host cell requires the invading organism to either adapt or modify their host environment to avoid fusion with lysosomal vesicles. Organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis have evolved mechanisms to arrest maturation of the endosomes, such that they avoid lysosomal fusion.3 C trachomatis has developed alternative strategies for successful intracellular survival and growth.C. trachomatis exists in two morphologically and functionally distinct forms which multiply in vacuoles termed inclusions. A small dense form known as the elementary body (EB), is the stable extracellular stage of the life cycle capable of attachment and entry into host cells.

scholarly journals Kinematics of Intracellular Chlamydiae Provide Evidence for Contact-Dependent Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (18) ◽  
pp. 5734-5742 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Wilson ◽  
Judith A. Whittum-Hudson ◽  
Peter Timms ◽  
Patrik M. Bavoil
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Reticulate Body ◽  
Size Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chlamydial Inclusion ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

ABSTRACT A crucial process of chlamydial development involves differentiation of the replicative reticulate body (RB) into the infectious elementary body (EB). We present experimental evidence to provide support for a contact-dependent hypothesis for explaining the trigger involved in differentiation. We recorded live-imaging of Chlamydia trachomatis-infected McCoy cells at key times during development and tracked the temporospatial trajectories of individual chlamydial particles. We found that movement of the particles is related to development. Early to mid-developmental stages involved slight wobbling of RBs. The average speed of particles increased sharply at 24 h postinfection (after the estimated onset of RB to EB differentiation). We also investigated a penicillin-supplemented culture containing EBs, RBs, and aberrantly enlarged, stressed chlamydiae. Near-immobile enlarged particles are consistent with their continued tethering to the chlamydial inclusion membrane (CIM). We found a significantly negative, nonlinear association between speed and size/type of particles, providing further support for the hypothesis that particles become untethered near the onset of RB to EB differentiation. This study establishes the relationship between the motion properties of the chlamydiae and developmental stages, whereby wobbling RBs gradually lose contact with the CIM, and RB detachment from the CIM is coincidental with the onset of late differentiation.

Serological profiling with Chlamycheck, a commercial multiplex recombinant antigen Western blot assay of chlamydial infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1360-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouzia Radouani ◽  
Julia Maile ◽  
Fotini Betsou
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽  
Test System ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elementary Body ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Single Antigen

A new chlamydial test system, the Chlamycheck assay, which uses 4 purified recombinant antigens of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae and one antigen of Chlamydophila psittaci , has been developed and commercialized. We investigated the reactivities of the recombinant antigens with sera from a group of 30 patients with acute Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 88 patients consulting for sexually transmitted infections, and 46 patients with serological evidence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. The results obtained from human and infected mouse sera suggest that Chlamycheck serology against multiple proteins may provide additional useful information that is not available by conventional whole elementary body microimmunofluorescence or single-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology. Specific serological profiles were associated with acute versus past Chlamydia trachomatis infection or with Chlamydia trachomatis primo-infection versus infection in a Chlamydophila pneumoniae history context.

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