Chronically Restricted or Disrupted Sleep as a Causal Factor in the Development of Depression

This article is going to discuss about national policy in the development of environment concept, or known as Ecodevelopment. The focus of this article will be more illuminated on the decreasing of causal factor of development in Indonesia. Ecodevelopment strategy consist of especially elements are community different from others, specific cultural values, live in specific territories, and specific resources too. Because of ecodevelopment strategy goals are reform and develop specific conditions, not create "development" in term GNP (Gross National Product) or another abstraction. Ecodevelopment can be applied in various local ecosystem according cultural and ecology data from specific community. Now, Indonesia active doing development in all aspect, be up against some problems of ecology acpect. Ecodevelopment policies are approach of resources management, the welfare meaning, responsibility from inter-generation, and factor of problems. Keywords: Ecodevelopment, National Policy, Environment

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A paradigm approach toward predicting barotrauma

Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine ◽

10.25259/ijasm_2019_9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

V Raghunandan ◽

SS Mohapatra

Keyword(s):

Eustachian Tube ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Causal Factor ◽

Step Test ◽

Medical Problems ◽

And Training ◽

Nose And Throat

Barotrauma is one of the most common medical problems associated with aviation and has been a causal factor for significant loss of trained aircrew hours. The occurrence of barotrauma has been reported not only in flight but also during simulated exposures to changing pressures as a part of aeromedical evaluation and training. This occurrence is despite the screening of individuals by otoscopy and tympanometry before exposure to barometric changes. In such cases, baro-challenge-induced eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction has been identified as the most probable cause, leading to decreased ability to equalize pressures across the middle ear. This paper describes a paradigm approach to the prediction of baro-challenge-induced ET dysfunction using the nine-step test and ET dysfunction questionnaire. The inclusion of the test as a screening tool before exposure of aircrew to baro-challenge after recovery from their ear, nose, and throat ailments is recommended to prevent occurrence/ reoccurrence of barotrauma.

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Vitamin D status in children with autoimmune thyroiditis

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20173125 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1595

Author(s):

Gomathi Priya J ◽

Seenivasan Venkatasamy ◽

Karamath S Pyarejan ◽

Jayachandran K.

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽

Causal Factor ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background: Deficiency of 25 hydroxyvitamin D has been linked with predisposition to autoimmune disorders. Also, vitamin D has been found to be a causal factor in many autoimmune diseases. Objective of the study was to investigate vitamin D status in children with autoimmune thyroiditis attending endocrinology OPD at a tertiary centre in southern India.Methods: It is a case control study done in which 75 children (70 female, 5 male) with age and sex matched healthy controls were chosen. Free thyroxine, TSH, anti TPOAb, anti TGAb, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase levels were estimated in both cases and control subjects. Children with anti TPO or anti TG positivity were divided into four groups based on their level of antibody titers.Results: The mean age in cases was 9.8±0.34 years. 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in cases (15.07±1.14 ng/ml) compared to controls (17.82±1.13 ng/ml) (p<0.0006). Mean serum calcium levels in cases (9.35±0.16 mg/dl) were significantly lower when compared to controls (9.73±0.14 mg/dl) (p<0.0005). Similarly mean serum alkaline phosphatase level in cases (184.97±11.10 IU/L) were significantly elevated when compared with controls (122.37±6.82 IU/L) (p<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in serum phosphorus levels between cases (4.42±0.10 mg/dl) and controls (4.43±0.14 mg/dl) (p=0.83). There was no significant difference in vitamin D level among the groups in both anti TPO (p< 0.283) and anti TG (p<0.148).Conclusions: The significant decrease in vitamin D levels in cases signifies that 25(OH)D may be an independent causal factor related to the autoimmunity in thyroid diseases.

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Explaining the Decline of Orangeism

Liverpool Sectarianism ◽

10.5949/liverpool/9781786940100.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Keith Daniel Roberts

Keyword(s):

Causal Factor ◽

Overall Response ◽

Post War ◽

The City ◽

As If

Chapter three analyses the decline of Orangeism in the city. Taking into account the perspectives of Orange officials, the author presents these reasons to the membership and affiliates. The overall response challenges the orthodox perception that post-war slum clearance (and the physical removal of lodges and communities) was the main causal factor in the decline of the Institution, suggesting that other factors were just as (if not more) important; such as apathy, a decline in religious observation, and a lost Orange youth.

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