Female Rats Are Smarter than Males: Influence of Test, Oestrogen Receptor Subtypes and Glutamate

2011 ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Suzanne Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Subtypes

Postnatal Expression Patterns of Estrogen Receptor Subtypes and Choline Acetyltransferase in Different Regions of the Papez Circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-xiang Wang ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Li-xia Li ◽  
Hui-nan Xu ◽  
Hong-gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Papez Circuit ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The Papez circuit is crucial for several brain functions, including long-term memory and emotion. Estradiol modulates cognitive functions based on the expression pattern of its receptor subtypes including estrogen receptor (ER) α, β, and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). Similarly, the activity in the cholinergic system correlates with several brain functions, such as learning and memory. In this study, we used immunofluorescence to examine the expression patterns of ERβ and Western blotting to analyze GPR30 and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression, in different regions of the Papez circuit, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, anterior nucleus of the thalamus, and cingulum in female rats at postnatal days (PND) 1, 10, and 56. Our main finding was that the highest expression of ERβ and GPR30 was noted in each brain area of the Papez circuit in the PND1 rats, whereas the expression of ChAT was the highest in PND10 rats. These results provide vital information on the postnatal expression patterns of ER subtypes and ChAT in different regions of the Papez circuit.

scholarly journals 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor activation reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated LH secretion in prepubertal male and female rats

2003 ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pinilla ◽  
LC Gonzalez ◽  
M Tena-Sempere ◽  
E Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Lh Secretion

OBJECTIVE: Excitatory amino acids and serotonin are involved in the control of gonadotropin secretion. The actions of these neurotransmitters are interconnected and recently we have reported that 5-HT(1) and 5-HT(2) receptor agonists blunted (+/-)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)-stimulated GH secretion in prepubertal rats. The present experiments were carried out to analyze the effects of activation of different 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes on gonadotropin secretion and their role in the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated LH release. DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed the gonadotropin secretion after manipulation of serotoninergic and aminoacidergic systems and their interactions in 5-, 16- and 23-day-old male and female rats. To this end, serum LH and FSH concentrations were measured in rats treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan methyl ester (5-HTP) (a precursor of 5-HT synthesis) plus Fluoxetine (Fx, a blocker of 5-HT reuptake), d,l-p-chlorophenyl-alanine methyl ester (PCPA, a blocker of 5-HT synthesis), R-(+)-8-hydroxydipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT, an agonist of 5-HT(1A) receptors), (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride (DOI) and alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (alpha-Me-5-HT, agonists of 5-HT(2) receptors), and 1-Phenylbiguanide (1-PHE an agonist of 5-HT(3) receptors). In addition, the effects of 8-OH-DPAT and DOI on NMDA-stimulated LH secretion were analyzed. RESULTS: Neither the activation nor blockade of the serotoninergic system modified LH secretion. Basal gonadotropin secretion remained unchanged in 23-day-old male and female rats after activation of 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) receptors. The stimulatory effect of NMDA on LH secretion was blocked in both sexes after activation of the serotoninergic system, through specific 5-HT(1) and 5-HT(2) receptor agonists. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of serotoninergic receptors decreased the stimulatory effect of NMDA on LH secretion in prepubertal male and female rats.

scholarly journals Oestrogenic effects of neonatal administration of raloxifene on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male and female rats

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 915-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pinilla ◽  
LC Gonzalez ◽  
F Gaytan ◽  
M Tena-Sempere ◽  
E Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neonatal Administration

Selective oestrogen receptor modulators constitute a family of drugs that are used increasingly in the management of oestrogen-associated pathology. Raloxifene is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator that is used to treat and prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. The actions of raloxifene on bone, breast, uterus and serum cholesterol concentrations have been widely analysed, but very few studies have investigated the possible actions of this drug on the central nervous system. The central nervous system of the newborn rat is very sensitive to oestrogen action. In this study a series of experiments was conducted to analyse the effects of different doses of raloxifene (50, 100, 250 or 500 microg per rat per day) administered to neonatal rats on days 1-5 of age. Female rats treated with raloxifene showed decreased gonadotrophin secretion, hyperprolactinaemia, advanced vaginal opening, decreased body weight, persistent presence of cornified epithelial cells in vaginal smears, anovulation, inhibition of positive feedback between oestradiol and LH, and infertility. Male rats showed delayed balanopreputial separation, reduced body weight and hyperprolactinaemia. All these changes resemble those obtained after neonatal administration of oestradiol benzoate, thus indicating, for the first time, that raloxifene exerts an oestrogenic action on the hypothalamic-pituitary structures controlling reproductive function in rats.

Muscarinic receptor subtypes and sexual behavior in female rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Dohanich ◽  
David M. McMullan ◽  
Debra A. Cada ◽  
Kimberly A. Mangum
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes

The hormonal regulation of the oestrogen receptor in rat liver: an interplay involving growth hormone, thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Freyschuss ◽  
L Sahlin ◽  
B Masironi ◽  
H Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gapdh Mrna ◽  
Igf I

Abstract The regulation of the formation of the hepatic oestrogen receptor (ER) in adult female rats was studied by assaying steady state levels of ER and ER messenger RNA under different endocrine conditions. Hypophysectomy (HX) drastically reduced ER levels from 67·5 ± 7·9 to 8·4 ± 0·5 (means ± s.e.m.) fmol/mg cytosolic protein. Continuous infusion of growth hormone (GH) to HX animals tripled ER and doubled ER mRNA levels. Treatment with triiodothyronine T3) in a high dose (10 μg/day) doubled ER mRNA levels. The effects of T3 were dose-dependent, since a lower dose (1 μg/day) increased neither ER nor ER mRNA levels. ER mRNA concentrations were increased by GH to 481 ± 44% and by T3 to 372 ± 35% of HX control levels 4 h after single injections of the hormones in HX animals. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) alone increased neither ER nor ER mRNA levels in HX animals. DEX and GH in combination increased ER 5-fold and ER mRNA 2-fold compared with control levels in HX animals, whereas DEX and T3 in combination increased neither ER nor ER mRNA levels. Treatment with prolactin affected neither ER nor ER mRNA levels in HX rats. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA levels were measured. GAPDH mRNA levels were increased 2·5-fold in HX rats by DEX and T3 in combination and almost 2-fold by DEX and GH in combination. IGF-I mRNA levels in HX rats were increased 4·5-fold by continuous infusion of GH alone, 6-fold by GH and T3 in combination, and 2·5-fold by GH and DEX in combination. These data indicate that both GH and T3 act directly on the liver to increase ER mRNA levels. GH, the most important of these hormones, also acts at the translational and/or post-translational level to increase ER protein levels. DEX treatment suppresses the stimulatory effects of T3, but not of GH. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 285–298

Oestradiol-Induced Synapse Formation in the Female Hippocampus: Roles of Oestrogen Receptor Subtypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhou ◽  
L. Fester ◽  
S. Haghshenas ◽  
X. de Vrese ◽  
R. von Hacht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Receptor Subtypes

scholarly journals Pituitary activin receptor subtypes and follistatin gene expression in female rats: differential regulation by activin and follistatin.

Endocrinology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Dalkin ◽  
D J Haisenleder ◽  
M Yasin ◽  
J T Gilrain ◽  
J C Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Activin Receptor

scholarly journals Effects of a diet rich in sesame (Sesamum indicum) pericarp on the expression of oestrogen receptor α and oestrogen receptor β in rat prostate and uterus

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristotelis Anagnostis ◽  
Athanasios I. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rat Prostate

The expression of oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) in the prostate and uterus tissues of Wistar rats supplied for 8 weeks with a diet rich in sesame (Sesamum indicum) pericarp (30 %) was monitored. Eight male rats, aged 6 weeks, were divided into a control group fed on a normal diet, and an experimental one, provided with the normal diet enriched with 30 % sesame pericarp. A similar experiment was performed with female rats. At the end of the experiment, the prostate and uterus tissues were surgically removed and kept at − 80°C for up to 2 months. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) methods were used in order to investigate the levels of receptor proteins and mRNA. Significant increase in the expression of ERβ in prostate and uterus was evident in both methods, while the magnitude of the observed alteration depended on the applied method. No statistically significant change was observed in the expression of ERα in uterus. In prostate, although the increase was more evident when investigated by means of qRT-PCR, the difference in expression of ERα was not statistically significant. In both tissues, a shift of the ratio of ERα:ERβ in favour of ERβ was evident, indicating, according to existing literature, a beneficial effect of the diet provided upon the health status of the organisms. It is suggested that this effect is attributed to the lignans present in the pericarp which exert phyto-oestrogenic activity.

Expression of oestrogen receptor α and β in the brains of fed and fasted female rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
S.E. Grimshaw ◽  
A.P. Robinson ◽  
T. Kalamatianos ◽  
M.L. Goubillon ◽  
C.W. Coen
Keyword(s):  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor Α
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