Prepulse Inhibition of the Startle Reflex: A Window on the Brain in Schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
pp. 349-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Braff
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals BDNF haploinsufficiency induces behavioral endophenotypes of schizophrenia in male mice that are rescued by enriched environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Harb ◽  
Justina Jagusch ◽  
Archana Durairaja ◽  
Thomas Endres ◽  
Volkmar Leßmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
Enriched Environment ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Attentional Set ◽  
Attentional Set Shifting ◽  
The Brain

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in a number of processes that are crucial for healthy functioning of the brain. Schizophrenia is associated with low BDNF levels in the brain and blood, however, not much is known about BDNF’s role in the different symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we used BDNF-haploinsufficient (BDNF+/−) mice to investigate the role of BDNF in different mouse behavioral endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Furthermore, we assessed if an enriched environment can prevent the observed changes. In this study, male mature adult wild-type and BDNF+/− mice were tested in mouse paradigms for cognitive flexibility (attentional set shifting), sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition), and associative emotional learning (safety and fear conditioning). Before these tests, half of the mice had a 2-month exposure to an enriched environment, including running wheels. After the tests, BDNF brain levels were quantified. BDNF+/− mice had general deficits in the attentional set-shifting task, increased startle magnitudes, and prepulse inhibition deficits. Contextual fear learning was not affected but safety learning was absent. Enriched environment housing completely prevented the observed behavioral deficits in BDNF+/− mice. Notably, the behavioral performance of the mice was negatively correlated with BDNF protein levels. These novel findings strongly suggest that decreased BDNF levels are associated with several behavioral endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Furthermore, an enriched environment increases BDNF protein to wild-type levels and is thereby able to rescue these behavioral endophenotypes.

529 The hallucinogen psilocybin increases prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in healthy humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
E. Gouzoulis-Mayfrank ◽  
K. Heekeren ◽  
B. Thelen ◽  
H. Lindenblatt ◽  
K.-A. Kovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Healthy Humans

scholarly journals Role of an Atypical Cadherin Gene, Cdh23 in Prepulse Inhibition, and Implication of CDH23 in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabeesh Balan ◽  
Tetsuo Ohnishi ◽  
Akiko Watanabe ◽  
Hisako Ohba ◽  
Yoshimi Iwayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Significant Enrichment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Schizophrenia Susceptibility

Abstract We previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an endophenotype of schizophrenia, on mouse chromosome 10 and reported Fabp7 as a candidate gene from an analysis of F2 mice from inbred strains with high (C57BL/6N; B6) and low (C3H/HeN; C3H) PPI levels. Here, we reanalyzed the previously reported QTLs with increased marker density. The highest logarithm of odds score (26.66) peaked at a synonymous coding and splice-site variant, c.753G>A (rs257098870), in the Cdh23 gene on chromosome 10; the c.753G (C3H) allele showed a PPI-lowering effect. Bayesian multiple QTL mapping also supported the same variant with a posterior probability of 1. Thus, we engineered the c.753G (C3H) allele into the B6 genetic background, which led to dampened PPI. We also revealed an e-QTL (expression QTL) effect imparted by the c.753G>A variant for the Cdh23 expression in the brain. In a human study, a homologous variant (c.753G>A; rs769896655) in CDH23 showed a nominally significant enrichment in individuals with schizophrenia. We also identified multiple potentially deleterious CDH23 variants in individuals with schizophrenia. Collectively, the present study reveals a PPI-regulating Cdh23 variant and a possible contribution of CDH23 to schizophrenia susceptibility.

Roles of the glutamate receptor ε2 and δ2 subunits in the potentiation and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Takeuchi ◽  
Yuji Kiyama ◽  
Kazuhiro Nakamura ◽  
Mika Tsujita ◽  
Ikuo Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Acoustic Startle Reflex
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