Linear Plasmids and Phytopathogenicity

2007 ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isolde Francis ◽  
Dirk Gevers ◽  
Mansour Karimi ◽  
Marcelle Holsters ◽  
Danny Vereecke
Keyword(s):  
Linear Plasmids

Linear plasmids that integrate into mitochondrial DNA in Neurospora

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bertrand ◽  
A. J. F. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Insertion Sequences ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Mitochondrial Chromosome

In some field isolates of Neurospora from Hawaii and India, senescence is induced by integration of linear DNA plasmids, kalilo and maranhar, respectively, into mitochondrial (mt) DNA. Although the two plasmids show little homology at the DNA level, both have inverted long terminal repeats, and each potentially encodes a DNA polymerase and a RNA polymerase. Both plasmids generate very long inverted repeats of mtDNA at their ends upon integration into mitochondrial chromosomes. Hence, they appear to integrate by a mechanism that involves pairing of both ends of the plasmid with short stretches of homologous nucleotide sequences in mtDNA. This recombinogenic association apparently generates an origin for an unscheduled round of replication of mtDNA. In the process, the resulting two copies of the mitochondrial chromosome are joined to opposite ends of the plasmid. A model for the senescence-associated accumulation of mtDNAs with plasmid insertion sequences is proposed on the basis of common features that characterize senescence in a variety of filamentous fungi.Key words: Neurospora, senescence, plasmids, mitochondria.

Linear plasmids in Klebsiella and other Enterobacteriaceae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hawkey ◽  
Hugh Cottingham ◽  
Alex Tokolyi ◽  
Ryan R Wick ◽  
Louise M Judd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Stability ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Linear Plasmid ◽  
Extrachromosomal Dna ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
And Function

Linear plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA that have been found in a small number of bacterial species. To date, the only linear plasmids described in the Enterobacteriaceae family belong to Salmonella, first found in Salmonella Typhi. Here, we describe a collection of 12 isolates of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex in which we identified linear plasmids. We used this collection to search public sequence databases and discovered an additional 74 linear plasmid sequences in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae species. Gene content analysis divided these plasmids into five distinct phylogroups, with very few genes shared across more than two phylogroups. The majority of linear plasmid-encoded genes are of unknown function, however each phylogroup carried its own unique toxin-antitoxin system and genes with homology to those encoding the ParAB plasmid stability system. Passage in vitro of the 12 linear plasmid-carrying Klebsiella isolates in our collection (which include representatives of all five phylogroups) indicated that these linear plasmids can be stably maintained, and our data suggest they can transmit between K. pneumoniae strains (including members of globally disseminated multidrug resistant clones) and also between diverse Enterobacteriaceae species. The linear plasmid sequences, and representative isolates harbouring them, are made available as a resource to facilitate future studies on the evolution and function of these novel plasmids.

scholarly journals Two Internal Origins of Replication in Streptomyces Linear Plasmid pFRL1

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (17) ◽  
pp. 5676-5683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Shiyuan Peng ◽  
Zhongjun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Northern Hybridization ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Linear Mode ◽  
Quantitative Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Origins Of Replication ◽  
Additional Locus

ABSTRACT Previous reports showed that Streptomyces linear plasmids usually contain one internal replication locus. Here, we identified two new replication loci on pFRL1, one (rep1A-ncs1) next to a telomere and another (rep2A-ncs2) ∼10 kb from it. The rep1A-ncs1 locus was able to direct replication independently in both linear and circular modes, whereas rep2A-ncs2 required an additional locus, rlrA-rorA, in order to direct propagation in linear mode. Rep1A protein bound to ncs1 in vitro. By quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Northern hybridization, we showed that transcription of rep1A and rep2A varied during development and that each dominated at different time points. pFRL1-derived linear plasmids were inherited through spores more stably than circular plasmids and were more stable with pSLA2 telomeres than with pFRL1 telomeres in Streptomyces lividans.

Catabolic Linear Plasmids

2007 ◽  
pp. 63-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Fetzner ◽  
Stephan Kolkenbrock ◽  
Katja Parschat
Keyword(s):  
Linear Plasmids

scholarly journals Identification of two linear plasmids in the actinomycete Planobispora rosea

Microbiology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2819-2825 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Polo ◽  
O. Guerini ◽  
M. Sosio ◽  
G. Dehb
Keyword(s):  
Linear Plasmids

Subtelomeric expression regions of Borrelia hermsii linear plasmids are highly polymorphic

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 3299-3311 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Restrepo ◽  
T. Kitten ◽  
C.J. Carter ◽  
D. Infante ◽  
A. G. Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Borrelia Hermsii

DNA fragments isolated from the left end of chromosome III in yeast are repaired to generate functional telomeres

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-765
Author(s):  
Linda L. Button ◽  
Caroline R. Astell
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ars Elements ◽  
Repeated Dna Sequence ◽  
Linear Molecules ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Tandemly Repeated Dna Sequence ◽  
Yeast Plasmids

DNA fragments isolated from the left end of chromosome III in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are recognized as telomeres in yeast, since plasmids constructed with such fragments are replicated as linear molecules in yeast. The fragments have a 1.18-kb region homologous with the type X regions at yeast telomeres that contain ARS elements that allow the autonomous replication of plasmids in yeast. The X region contains a functional ARS element including the ARS consensus sequence and a distal 200-bp region that enhances ARS function. Distal to the type X region, the fragments have a region of tandemly repeated DNA sequence defined by the formula 5′-C1–3A-3′, and designated as the T region at yeast telomeres. Although the terminus of the chromosome was removed in the procedure used to molecularly isolate the left end of chromosome III, the fragments containing the X and T region are recognized as chromosome ends in yeast. Plasmids with inverted repeats of the chromosome III end fragments are resolved in yeast to produce linear plasmids with telomeres that are similar in length and heterogeneity with the natural left end on chromosome III. Fragments with progressive deletions from the distal end of chromosome III were prepared and used to study the X – T region requirements for distinguishing the fragments as telomeres in yeast.Key words: yeast, S. cerevisiae, functional telomere, linear plasmids.

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