Transcriptomic Responses of Bacterial Cells to Sublethal Metal Ion Stress

2007 ◽  
pp. 73-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon L. Hobman ◽  
Kaneyoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Taku Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Transcriptomic Responses

scholarly journals Factors That Affect the Enlargement of Bacterial Protoplasts and Spheroplasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7131
Author(s):  
Hiromi Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Cell Enlargement ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Gene Manipulation ◽  
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis

Cell enlargement is essential for the microinjection of various substances into bacterial cells. The cell wall (peptidoglycan) inhibits cell enlargement. Thus, bacterial protoplasts/spheroplasts are used for enlargement because they lack cell wall. Though bacterial species that are capable of gene manipulation are limited, procedure for bacterial cell enlargement does not involve any gene manipulation technique. In order to prevent cell wall resynthesis during enlargement of protoplasts/spheroplasts, incubation media are supplemented with inhibitors of peptidoglycan biosynthesis such as penicillin. Moreover, metal ion composition in the incubation medium affects the properties of the plasma membrane. Therefore, in order to generate enlarged cells that are suitable for microinjection, metal ion composition in the medium should be considered. Experiment of bacterial protoplast or spheroplast enlargement is useful for studies on bacterial plasma membrane biosynthesis. In this paper, we have summarized the factors that influence bacterial cell enlargement.

The impact of species, respiration type, growth phase and genetic inventory on absolute metal content of intact bacterial cells

Metallomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Budhraja ◽  
Chang Ding ◽  
Philipp Walter ◽  
Stephan Wagner ◽  
Thorsten Reemtsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
The Impact

Absolute metal ion content was determined from whole cells of different microbial species and changes were related to growth conditions and change of encoded genes.

scholarly journals Biosorption of Metal Ions on Methanol Dehydrogenase Enzymatic Activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Kurniawati ◽  
Ambar Pertiwiningrum ◽  
Yuny Erwanto ◽  
Nanung Agus Fitriyanto ◽  
Mohammad Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Methanol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Soil Environment

This research aims to understand the effect of metal ions bioabsorption which belong on different elemental groups to the methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymatic activity in nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bradyhizobium japonicum USDA 110. Ten metal ions with each have 30μM concentration were added to grow Bradyhizobium japonicum USDA 110 in 10-1 diluted nutrient medium. The MDH activity test showed a similar result between the bacteria grown in medium without metal ions addition (control) and the bacteria were grown in a calcium ion/Ca2+ added media. The highest MDH enzymatic activity was shown on the bacteria grown in a magnesium/Mg2+ added medium, which showed 0.08 (U/mg) enzymatic activities. The addition of magnesium/Mg2+ metal ion accelerates the bacterial growth by 2.6 times and MDH activity by 1.28 times compared to control. The MDH enzyme is essential, especially for bacteria which exist in the soil environment, to adapt to high methanol concentration and to support bacterial anaerobic growth capacity along with plant symbiotic process. Moreover, the MDH activity staining method could also act as pollutant indicators like metal ions and hydrocarbon derivates. This research concluded that metal ions biosorption (calcium/Ca2+ and magnesium/Mg2+) are required for bacterial cells reproduction and oxidation of single carbon chain compounds like methanol. The nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria, Bradyhizobium japonicum USDA 110 showed high MDH activity after the two metal ions absorption. However, contrary results were shown on vanadium/V3+, manganese/Mn2+, iron/Fe3+, copper/Cu2+, zinc/Zn2+, and aluminum/Al3+ absorption, which showed low MDH activity and cells biomass.

Effect of exopolysaccharides on the adsorption of metal ions by Pseudomonas sp. CU-1

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Lau ◽  
X.A. Wu ◽  
H. Chua ◽  
P.Y. Qian ◽  
P.K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Adsorption Ability ◽  
Metal Ion Adsorption ◽  
Surrounding Environment

Pseudomonas sp. CU-1, which was isolated from an interfacial biofilm of a sludge sample collected from an electroplating company, had a relatively high ability to adsorb Cu2 +  in solution. The bacterium grown in broth culture produced a large amount of capsular exopolymers mainly consisting of polysaccharides. The exopolysaccharides (EPS) were partially purified. The adsorption isotherm experiments showed that cells and EPS of Pseudomonas sp. CU-1 had similar Q0 and b for the dye, Janus Green, and Cu2+. The adsorption of Cu2 +  by cells could be monitored by the amount of dye displaced, due to the binding of metal ions onto the cell surface. The order of adsorption ability of metal ions and dye displacement by metal ion of the bacterium was: Cu2 + > Cd2 + > Zn2 + > Ni2 + . The results of the dye displacement by metal ions binding onto the surfaces of cells, EPS-removed cells, and EPS suggest that EPS produced by Pseudomonas sp. CU-1 plays an important role in preventing metal ions in the surrounding environment from contact with the bacterial cells. The possible role of the metal ion adsorption by the EPS of this biofilm bacterium was discussed.

scholarly journals Interplay between Manganese and Iron in Pneumococcal Pathogenesis: Role of the Orphan Response Regulator RitR

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl-Lynn Y. Ong ◽  
Adam J. Potter ◽  
Claudia Trappetti ◽  
Mark J. Walker ◽  
Michael P. Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manganese Ion ◽  
Iron And Manganese

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae(the pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen that is carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx by up to 70% of the human population. Translocation of the bacteria into internal sites can cause a range of diseases, such as pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and bacteremia. This transition from nasopharynx to growth at systemic sites means that the pneumococcus needs to adjust to a variety of environmental conditions, including transition metal ion availability. Although it is an important nutrient, iron potentiates oxidative stress, and it is established that inS. pneumoniae, expression of iron transport systems and proteins that protect against oxidative stress are regulated by an orphan response regulator, RitR. In this study, we investigated the effect of iron and manganese ion availability on the growth of aritRmutant. Deletion ofritRled to impaired growth of bacteria in high-iron medium, but this phenotype could be suppressed with the addition of manganese. Measurement of metal ion accumulation indicated that manganese prevents iron accumulation. Furthermore, the addition of manganese also led to a reduction in the amount of hydrogen peroxide produced by bacterial cells. Studies of virulence in a murine model of infection indicated that RitR was not essential for pneumococcal survival and suggested that derepression of iron uptake systems may enhance the survival of pneumococci in some niches.

scholarly journals Microbial Degradation of Phenol in the Presence of Heavy Metal Ion by Immobilized Bacterial Cells.

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-587
Author(s):  
Yoshitoshi NAKAMURA ◽  
Tatsuro SAWADA ◽  
Masaaki KOMORI
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion ◽  
Bacterial Cells

Bacterial Siderophores and Their Potential Applications: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Host Tissues

The bacterial infection is one of the major health issues throughout the world. To protect humans from the infection and infectious agents, it is important to understand the mechanism of interaction of pathogens along with their susceptible hosts. This will help us to develop a novel strategy for designing effective new drugs or vaccines. As iron is an essential metal ion required for all the living systems for their growth, as well, it is needed by pathogenic bacterial cells for their growth and development inside host tissues. To get iron from the host tissues, microbes developed an iron-chelating system called siderophore and also corresponding receptors. Siderophores are low molecular weight organic complex produced by different strains of bacteria for the procurement of iron from the environment or host body under the iron deficient-conditions. Mostly in the environment at physiological pH, the iron is present in the ferric ionic form (Fe3+), which is water- insoluble and thus inaccessible for them. Such a condition promotes the generation of siderophores. These siderophores have been used in different areas such as agriculture, treatment of diseases, culture the unculturable strains of bacteria, promotion of plant growth, controlling phytopathogens, detoxification of heavy metal contamination, etc. In the medical field, siderophores can be used as “Trojan Horse Strategy”, which forms a complex with antibiotics and also delivers these antibiotics to the desired locations, especially in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The promising application of siderophore-based use of antibiotics for the management of bacterial resistance can be strategies to be used.

Recent progress in structure–function analyses of Nramp proton-dependent metal-ion transportersThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Courville ◽  
R. Chaloupka ◽  
M.F.M. Cellier
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Recycling Endosomes ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
Macrophage Protein

The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) homologs form a family of proton-coupled transporters that facilitate the cellular absorption of divalent metal ions (Me2+, including Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Cd2+). The Nramp, or solute carrier 11 (SLC11), family is conserved in eukaryotes and bacteria. Humans and rodents express 2 parologous genes that are associated with iron disorders and immune diseases. The NRAMP1 (SLC11A1) protein is specific to professional phagocytes and extrudes Me2+ from the phagosome to defend against ingested microbes; polymorphisms in the NRAMP1 gene are associated with various immune diseases. Several isoforms of NRAMP2 (SLC11A2, DMT1, DCT1) are expressed ubiquitously in recycling endosomes or specifically at the apical membrane of epithelial cells in intestine and kidneys, and can contribute to iron overload, whereas mutations impairing NRAMP2 function cause a form of congenital microcytic hypochromic anemia. Structure–function studies, using various experimental models, and mutagenesis approaches have begun to reveal the overall transmembrane organization of Nramp, some of the transmembrane segments (TMS) that are functionally important, and an unusual mechanism coupling Me2+ and proton H+ transport. The approaches used include functional complementation of yeast knockout strains, electrophysiology analyses in Xenopus oocytes, and transport assays that use mammalian and bacterial cells and direct and indirect measurements of SLC11 transporter properties. These complementary studies enabled the identification of TMS1and 6 as crucial structural segments for Me2+ and H+ symport, and will help develop a deeper understanding of the Nramp transport mechanism and its contribution to Me2+ homeostasis in human health and diseases.

An ion for an iron: streptococcal metal homeostasis under oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-703
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Jakubovics
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
System Component ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Metal Ion Homeostasis

Abstract The ability of opportunistic pathogens such as Group A Streptococcus (GAS) to transition between mucosal colonisation and invasive disease requires complex systems for adapting to markedly different host environments. The battle to acquire essential trace metals such as manganese and iron from the host is central to pathogenesis. Using a molecular genetic approach, Turner et al. [Biochem. J. (2019) 476, 595–611] show that it is not just individual metal concentrations that are important, but the ratio of iron to manganese within cells. Increasing this ratio by knocking out pmtA, encoding the Fe(II) exporter PmtA, or by disrupting mtsA, encoding an MtsABC Mn(II)-import system component, led to reductions in superoxide dismutase (SodA) activity and increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. The authors show that SodA is at least 4-fold more active with Mn bound than with Fe and speculate that high intracellular Fe:Mn ratios reduce superoxide dismutase activity through the mismetalation of SodA. Challenging wild-type GAS with 1 mM H2O2 led to a decrease in Fe:Mn ratio and a 3-fold increase in SodA activity, indicating that modulation of the balance between intracellular Fe and Mn may play an important role in adaptation to oxidative stress. This work unravels some of the key mechanisms for maintaining appropriate Mn and Fe concentrations within bacterial cells and underscores the need for future studies that take an holistic view to metal ion homeostasis in bacteria. Strategies aimed at interfering with the balance of intracellular metal ions represent a promising approach for the control of invasive microbial infections.

scholarly journals Metal ion binding and tolerance of bacteria cells in view of sensor applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Jonas Jung ◽  
Anja Blüher ◽  
Mathias Lakatos ◽  
Gianaurelio Cuniberti
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Metal Ion Binding ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Color Changes

Abstract. The biotechnological use of bacterial cells and cell components for the detection and accumulation of valuable substances, such as metals and rare earth elements in aqueous systems, is possible by utilizing innate binding characteristics of microorganisms. We have studied the bacteria cells of Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-B53 and Sporosarcina ureae ATCC 13881 to assess their potential applicability for the detection of rare earth elements, base metals or precious metals in water. First, we have demonstrated the interactions of the cells with the metal complexes of Au, Ho and Y by studying the color changes of the respective solutions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the metal cluster decoration on the cell surfaces and cell growth tolerance tests. Based on these results, we have developed two potential sensor systems. A colorimetric sensor was established by applying gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with surface-layer (S-layer) proteins SslA of S. ureae ATCC 13881 or Slp1 of L. sphaericus JG-B53 for the selective detection of YCl3 up to 1.67 × 10−5 mol L−1 in water. Additionally, a regenerative sensor layer of S-layer proteins on a thin gold film was developed for the detection of 1 × 10−4 mol L−1 YCl3 in water by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy.

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