Importance of Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall in Somatic Embryogenesis

2006 ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Šamaj ◽  
Milan Bobák ◽  
Alžbeta Blehová ◽  
Anna Pret'ová
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis

scholarly journals Identification of a transitional cell state in the developmental pathway to carrot somatic embryogenesis.

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R I Pennell ◽  
L Janniche ◽  
G N Scofield ◽  
H Booij ◽  
S C de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Reactive Cell ◽  
A Cell

We have located a novel carbohydrate epitope in the cell walls of certain single cells in embryogenic, but not in non-embryogenic, suspension cultures of carrot. Expression of this epitope, recognized by the mAb JIM8, is regulated during initiation, proliferation, and prolonged growth of suspension cultures such that changes in the abundance of JIM8-reactive cells always precede equivalent changes in embryogenic potential. Therefore, a direct correlation exists between the presence of the JIM8-reactive cell wall epitope and somatic embryo formation. The JIM8-reactive cell wall epitope is expressed in the cell walls of three types of single cells and one type of cell cluster. One of the single cell types seems able to follow one of two phytohormone-controlled developmental pathways, either a cell elongation pathway that eventually leads to cell death, or a cell division pathway that gives rise to proembryogenic masses. We demonstrate that all JIM8-reactive cell types in embryogenic carrot suspension cultures are developmentally related, and that the switch by one of them to somatic embryogenesis is accompanied by the immediate dissipation of the JIM8-reactive cell wall epitope. The cell wall carbohydrate epitope recognized by JIM8 therefore represents a cell wall marker for a very early transitional cell state in the developmental pathway to carrot somatic embryogenesis.

Cell wall differentiation during early somatic embryogenesis in plants. I. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy study on embryos originating from direct, indirect, and adventitious pathways

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Chapman ◽  
Anne-Sophie Blervacq ◽  
Jean-Pierre Tissier ◽  
Bruno Delbreil ◽  
Jacques Vasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fibrillar Network

In three modes of somatic embryogenesis, direct (Cichorium), indirect (Citrus), and adventitious (Asparagus), a layer enveloped the proembryo and separated it from parenchyma or callus cells. This layer was either torn or partly dissolved during embryo expansion and led to a reticulated fibrillar structure linking the peripheral cells of the embryo prior to protoderm differentiation. Scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic analyses revealed it as a net-like structure composed of thick fibres restricted to the embryo surface during a specific developmental stage. Stereo pairs of micrographs revealed its two-dimensional arrangement. The spatio-temporal localization of this fibrillar network defined it as an intermediate stage of somatic embryogenesis in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species irrespective of their modes of development. Hypotheses concerning the origin of the fibrillar network are provided, and its possible functions during somatic embryogenesis are discussed.Key words: Asparagus officinalis L. (asparagus), cell wall, Cichorium (chicory), Citrus (Troyer citrange), somatic embryogenesis.

Expression of the JIM8 cell wall epitope in carrot somatic embryogenesis

Planta ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel A. J. Toonen ◽  
Ed D. L. Schmidt ◽  
Theo Hendriks ◽  
Harrie A. Verhoeven ◽  
Ab van Kammen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis

Cell wall differentiation during early somatic embryogenesis in plants. II. Ultrastructural study and pectin immunolocalization on chicory embryos

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Chapman ◽  
Anne-Sophie Blervacq ◽  
Théo Hendriks ◽  
Christian Slomianny ◽  
Jacques Vasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Early Somatic Embryogenesis

scholarly journals Pectin De-methylesterification and AGP Increase Promote Cell Wall Remodeling and Are Required During Somatic Embryogenesis of Quercus suber

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Pérez-Pérez ◽  
Elena Carneros ◽  
Eduardo Berenguer ◽  
María-Teresa Solís ◽  
Ivett Bárány ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Cell Wall Remodeling

Cell wall differentiation during early somatic embryogenesis in plants. II. Ultrastructural study and pectin immunolocalization on chicory embryos

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Chapman ◽  
Anne-Sophie Blervacq ◽  
Théo Hendriks ◽  
Christian Slomianny ◽  
Jacques Vasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

In Cichorium hybrid clone 474 (C. intybus L. var. sativum × C. endivia L. var. latifolia), direct somatic embryogenesis was induced from roots. Using transmission electron microscopy, we followed the ultrastructural changes of the outer cell wall in relation to embryo developmental stage. During the transition from an embryogenic cell to a somatic embryo, the differentiation of the outer cell wall involved both deposition and rearrangement processes. During the first divisions, the cell wall of few-celled embryos still enclosed in the root tissue appeared as a large amorphous layer of cellulose, thicker than the cell walls of the root cortex cells. When the proembryo emerged from the root cells, the outer wall surface exhibited a fibrillar material designated as the supraembryonic network. As this network disappeared, the outer cell wall changed organization, and two domains were distinguished. At the torpedo stage, the outer cell wall was more compact without any gaps and the protoderm was differentiated. Immunolocalization of an epitope recognised by JIM5 antibody revealed the unesterified nature of the supraembryonic network. Such pectins were also located at the outer third of the outer cell wall of protodermal cells as well as in the intercellular spaces. Highly methylesterified pectins recognized by JIM7 antibodies were slightly present in the cell walls during the embryogenesis process. The different stages of the outer cell wall differentiation as well as the development of the transient supraembryonic network are described, and its possible roles in somatic embryogenesis are proposed.Key words: cell differentiation, cell wall, Cichorium (chicory), pectin, somatic embryogenesis, transmission electron microscopy.

Turnover of cell-wall polysaccharides during somatic embryogenesis and development of celery (Apium graveolens L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Up-Dong Yeo ◽  
Jung-Yeun Han ◽  
Yong-Eui Choi ◽  
Woong-Young Soh ◽  
Naoki Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides

scholarly journals Expression and Function of Cell Wall-Bound Cationic Peroxidase in Asparagus Somatic Embryogenesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 1765-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Takeda ◽  
Toshihisa Kotake ◽  
Naoki Nakagawa ◽  
Naoki Sakurai ◽  
Donald J. Nevins
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
And Function
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