Transfer of Hazardous Chemicals from Ingested Plastics to Higher-Trophic-Level Organisms

2018 ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Tanaka ◽  
Rei Yamashita ◽  
Hideshige Takada
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals

Removal of Toxic Pollutants From Soil Using Microbial Biotechnology

2018 ◽  
pp. 86-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Pandey ◽  
Priyanka Harishchandra Tripathi ◽  
Satish Chandra Pandey ◽  
Vinay Mohan Pathak ◽  
Tapan Kumar Nailwal
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Microbial Cultures ◽  
The Many ◽  
Day By Day

At present the many of the man-made compounds released in soil by various ways. These compounds might be pesticides and other hazardous chemicals. Through food chain these compounds increased day by day at particular trophic level and also affect the soil biodiversity. Microbial cultures and associated biotechnology can be helpful to reduce such types of pollution from soil without affecting their natural habitat or niche. In this chapter we will discuss the indigenous microbial flora and their role for the maintenance of the sustainable environment.

Removal of Toxic Pollutants From Soil Using Microbial Biotechnology

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1456-1476
Author(s):  
Anupam Pandey ◽  
Priyanka Harishchandra Tripathi ◽  
Satish Chandra Pandey ◽  
Vinay Mohan Pathak ◽  
Tapan Kumar Nailwal
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Microbial Cultures ◽  
The Many ◽  
Day By Day

At present the many of the man-made compounds released in soil by various ways. These compounds might be pesticides and other hazardous chemicals. Through food chain these compounds increased day by day at particular trophic level and also affect the soil biodiversity. Microbial cultures and associated biotechnology can be helpful to reduce such types of pollution from soil without affecting their natural habitat or niche. In this chapter we will discuss the indigenous microbial flora and their role for the maintenance of the sustainable environment.

Relationship between morphometrics and trophic levels in deep-sea fishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Ladds ◽  
MH Pinkerton ◽  
E Jones ◽  
LM Durante ◽  
MR Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gape Size ◽  
Morphological Variables

Marine food webs are structured, in part, by predator gape size. Species found in deep-sea environments may have evolved such that they can consume prey of a wide range of sizes, to maximise resource intake in a low-productivity ecosystem. Estimates of gape size are central to some types of ecosystem model that determine which prey are available to predators, but cannot always be measured directly. Deep-sea species are hypothesized to have larger gape sizes than shallower-water species relative to their body size and, because of pronounced adaptive foraging behaviour, show only a weak relationship between gape size and trophic level. Here we present new data describing selective morphological measurements and gape sizes of 134 osteichthyan and chondrichthyan species from the deep sea (200-1300 m) off New Zealand. We describe how gape size (height, width and area) varied with factors including fish size, taxonomy (class and order within a class) and trophic level estimated from stable isotopes. For deep-sea species, there was a strong relationship between gape size and fish size, better predicted by body mass than total length, which varied by taxonomic group. Results show that predictions of gape size can be made from commonly measured morphological variables. No relationship between gape size and trophic level was found, likely a reflection of using trophic level estimates from stable isotopes as opposed to the commonly used estimates from FishBase. These results support the hypothesis that deep-sea fish are generalists within their environment, including suspected scavenging, even at the highest trophic levels.

IMPLEMENTASIROTTERDAM CONVENTION ON THE PRIOR INFORMED CONSENT PROCEDURE FOR CERTAIN HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS AND PESTICIDES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADEBAGI PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Elly Kristiani Purwendah ◽  
Elisabet Pudyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Informed Consent Procedure ◽  
Prior Informed Consent ◽  
Consent Procedure

Konvensi ini memang tidak langsung memberikan efek yang signifikan namun dengan meratifikasi konvensi ini akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap kelangsungan ekspor bahan mentah terlebih sumber daya alam seperti bahan obat-obatan, bahan pangan dan bahan lainnya yang terkontaminasi oleh bahan kimia dan pestisida berbahaya. Ratifikasi konvensi ini akan mempersempit kemungkinan menurunnya kualitas keanekaragaman hayati yang sering dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan hidup. Selain itu adanya konvensi ini akan mencegah munculnya masalah terhadap lapangan pekerjaan bagi pihak-pihak yang terkontaminasi limbah maupun bahan kimia dan pestisida yang berbahaya seperti para petani, nelayan dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Jika ditelaah secara mendalam jumlah ekpor pada sektor pertanian setiap tahun terus mengalami penurunan, hal ini disebabkan oleh menurunya kualitas ekosistem persawahan akibat pemakaian pestisida yang berlebihan. Kata kunci : Konvensi Rotterdam, ratifikasi, hukum lingkungan. 

Measurement of the trophic level of fish in a coral reef ecosystem using stable isotopes

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohuan YANG ◽  
Xingli SUN ◽  
Xiuqiong HOU ◽  
Chunliang CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

scholarly journals Subfossil Cladocera and pollen as indicators of natural and anthropogenic trophic changes of Lake Jelonek (Tuchola Forest, N Poland) during the Holocene

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Zawisza ◽  
Anna Filbrandt-Czaja ◽  
Alexander Correa-Metrio
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Atlantic Period ◽  
Lake Catchment ◽  
Lake Waters

<p class="Tre">Lake Jelonek is a small lake located in central northern Poland, in the Tuchola Forest. The sediments of the lake represent a natural archive that offers insights into the natural history of the region from the Late Glacial to present. In winter 2002, a 1330 cm long sediment core was recovered from the deepest part of lake. Using a multiproxy approach (cladocerans, pollen and basic geochemistry), we reconstructed trophic status changes through the last ~15,000 years. Special attention was devoted to the evaluation of nutrient contributions to the lake from natural and anthropogenic sources. The Cladocera analyses yielded a total of 29 species belonging to five families (Bosminidae, Daphniidae, Leptodoridae, Chydoridae, Sididae), with planktonic species representing more than 60% of Cladocera relative abundance throughout the core. The pollen results suggested four periods of increased human activity, so-called settlement phases. The first traces of human activity in the basin of Lake Jelonek appeared in the Atlantic period and were related with Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements. The second (Bronze Age) and the third (Iron Age) settlement phases are well marked by the paleolimnological proxies studied. This time period clearly manifested on the lake waters as an increasing trophy level probably caused by human-associated discharges of nutrients to the lake. After the third settlement phase cladoceran data indicated a significant decrease in the lake trophic level and the pollen data showed a recovery of forest cover. The fourth period of human economic activity during the early Middle Age was characterized by deforestation associated with land reclamation for grazing and cultivation of cereals, and the subsequent nutrient enrichment of lake waters. According to our results, the biological development of Lake Jelonek was determined by climate changes from Late Glacial up to the Atlantic period. Contrastingly, the most important driver for the lake development though the middle and late Holocene has been human activity within the lake catchment. The recovery of the lake trophic level during the last century, which is primarily related to extensive afforestation of the lake catchment, highlighted the importance of land use in the conservation of healthy water bodies.</p>

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