Designing the Context Matching Engine for Evaluating and Selecting Context Information Sources

Author(s):  
Maria Chantzara ◽  
Miltiades Anagnostou
Author(s):  
Roberto J.G. Unger ◽  
Isa Maria Freire

O artigo apresenta o conceito de regime de informação aos gestores de informação, como contribuição aos processos de adaptação e adequação de sistemas de informação e linguagens documentárias para atender às necessidades informacionais dos usuários. Regimes de informação são modos de produção informacional dominantes numa formação econômico-social que pressupõem, necessariamente, em seu contexto fontes de informação que são disseminadas e exercem influência no contexto social em que estão estabelecidas. Nesse aspecto, as sociedades têm regimes de informação através dos quais organizam a produção material e simbólica e representam a dinâmica das relações sociais. Dentre as diversas formas de manifestações institucionais atuais, destacam-se os sistemas de recuperação da informação, a manifestação per se do fenômeno que move o regime. Os sistemas de recuperação da informação, por sua vez, usam linguagens documentárias para organizar e comunicar a informação organizada nos inúmeros “agregados de informação”, que Barreto (1996) define como “estruturas” que armazenam “estoques de informação” e podem atuar como “agentes”, ou “mediadores”, entre uma fonte de informação e seus usuários. Abstract The article presents the concept of regime of information to information managers as a contribution for the proccesses of adaptation and adjustment of information systems and documentary language to really attend the information needs of users. Regimes of information are dominants modules of informational production in economic-social formation that presuppose, necessarily, in its context information sources wich are disseminated and put in actions influences in the structure which they are established. Under these circumstances, societies have regimes of information through whom organize symbolic and material production and represent the social dynamics relations. In the midst of several kinds of actual institutional manifestations, distinguish the information retrieval systems, the expression per se of the phenomenon that moves the regime. Under this configuration, the information retrieval systems make use of documentary language to organize, describe and communicate provided information in innumerable aggregates of information that, according Barreto (1996), “are structures which harvest “supply of information” and they operate as “agents” or “mediators” between a source of information and their users”.


2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).


2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina Casper ◽  
Klaus Rothermund ◽  
Dirk Wentura

Processes involving an automatic activation of stereotypes in different contexts were investigated using a priming paradigm with the lexical decision task. The names of social categories were combined with background pictures of specific situations to yield a compound prime comprising category and context information. Significant category priming effects for stereotypic attributes (e.g., Bavarians – beer) emerged for fitting contexts (e.g., in combination with a picture of a marquee) but not for nonfitting contexts (e.g., in combination with a picture of a shop). Findings indicate that social stereotypes are organized as specific mental schemas that are triggered by a combination of category and context information.


Author(s):  
Veronika Lerche ◽  
Ursula Christmann ◽  
Andreas Voss

Abstract. In experiments by Gibbs, Kushner, and Mills (1991) , sentences were supposedly either authored by poets or by a computer. Gibbs et al. (1991) concluded from their results that the assumed source of the text influences speed of processing, with a higher speed for metaphorical sentences in the Poet condition. However, the dependent variables used (e.g., mean RTs) do not allow clear conclusions regarding processing speed. It is also possible that participants had prior biases before the presentation of the stimuli. We conducted a conceptual replication and applied the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to disentangle a possible effect on processing speed from a prior bias. Our results are in accordance with the interpretation by Gibbs et al. (1991) : The context information affected processing speed, not a priori decision settings. Additionally, analyses of model fit revealed that the diffusion model provided a good account of the data of this complex verbal task.


2005 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
E. Serova ◽  
O. Shick

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.


Author(s):  
Yanlei Gu ◽  
Dailin Li ◽  
Yoshihiko Kamiya ◽  
Shunsuke Kamijo

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