New Functions and Potential Applications of Amino Acids

2016 ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisayuki Uneyama ◽  
Hisamine Kobayashi ◽  
Naoto Tonouchi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Potential Applications

scholarly journals Synthesis of BODIPY-Amino Acids and the Potential Applications as Specific Dyes for the Cytoplasm of Langerhans β-Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Aguilera ◽  
Víctor García-González ◽  
Manuel Alatorre-Meda ◽  
Eustolia Rodríguez-Velázquez ◽  
Ignacio Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Dual Fluorescence ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Cell Staining ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The One

In this work, we explored the synthesis of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazas-indacene (BODIPYs) bound to five different amino acids (BODIPY-FAA) (glycine, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) (amino group is kept protected with fluorophore Fmoc) and evaluated these conjugates in terms of (i) their photophysical properties and (ii) their potential application as cell staining agents of suspension and adherent cells at healthy and stress conditions. In general, all synthesized BODIPY-FAA (3a-3e) were found to emit fluorescence in the blue and green regions of the spectrum (depending on the solvent conditions). However, BODIPY-FTyr(trt) (3e) showed the best molar extinction coefficient (ε = 28,198 M-1 cm-1) and quantum yield (Φ = 0.17). Biologically speaking, all synthesized conjugates demonstrated a selective affinity for the cytoplasm of Langerhans β-cells employed as a model, being the BODIPY-FLeu conjugate the one displaying the highest observed intensity. As such, our results reveal the BODIPY-FAA as a novel attractive tool for the specific staining of the cell cytoplasm, demonstrating not only a dual fluorescence emission but also a sensing capability to recognize different cell states.

scholarly journals Phosphorus (V) porphyrin diaxially substituted with Leu-enkephalin

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gajewski ◽  
Leszek Czuchajowski
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Leucine Enkephalin ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Biologically Active Peptide ◽  
Terminal Amino

AbstractSynthesis of the first phosphorus (V) porphyrin-peptide conjugate was successfully accomplished. A biologically active peptide, leucine enkephalin, was constructed on the phosphorus atom of the 5,10,15,20-meso-tetraphenylporphinato dichlorophosphorus (V) chloride. The method involved solution phase peptide synthesis. The first C-terminal amino acid in the sequence of the peptide was axially attached to the porphyrin through a linker, 3-aminopropanol, and the remainder of leucine enkephalin was synthesized by subsequent additions of amino acids. Leucine enkephalin-P(V) porphyrin conjugate represents a new group of compounds, and its synthesis broadens potential applications of P(V) porphyrine, e.g. in photodynamic therapy.

Bioactive peptides in preventative healthcare: An overview of bioactivities and suggested methods to assess potential applications.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Preventative Healthcare

: Food derived bioactive peptides can be generated from various protein sources and usually consist of between 2-30 amino acids with bulky, side-chain aromatic amino acids preferred in the ultimate and penultimate positions at the Cterminal end of the amino acid chain. They are reported to impart a myriad of preventative health beneficial effects to the consumer once ingested and these include heart health benefits through inhibition of enzymes including renin (EC 3.4.23.15) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1) within the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS); anti-inflammatory (due to inhibition of ACE-I and other enzymes) and anti-cancer benefits; prevention of type-2 diabetes through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), bone and dental strength, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects and several others. Peptides have also reported health benefits in the treatment of asthma, neuropathic pain, HIV and wound healing. However, the structure, amino acid composition and length of these peptides along with the quantity of peptide that can pass through the gastrointestinal tract and often the blood brain barrier (BBB) intact and reach the target organ is important for the realisation of these health effects in an in vivo setting. This paper aims to collate recent important research concerning the generation and detection of peptides in the laboratory. It discusses products currently available as preventative healthcare peptide options and relevant legislation barriers to place a food peptide product on the market. The review also highlights useful in silico computer based methods and analysis that may be used to generate specific peptide sequences from proteins whose amino acid sequences are known and also to determine if the peptides generated are unique and bioactive. The topic of food-derived bioactive peptides for health is of great interest to scientific research and industry due to evolving drivers in food product innovation including health and wellness for the elderly, infant nutrition and optimum nutrition for sports athletes as well as the humanisation of pets. This paper provides an overview of what is required to generate bioactive peptide containing hydrolysates; what methods should be used in order to characterise the health beneficial effects of these hydrolysates and the active peptide sequences, potential applications of bioactive peptides and legislative requirements in Europe and the United States. It also highlights success stories and barriers to the development of peptide containing food products that currently exist.

scholarly journals Solubility and Stability of Some Pharmaceuticals in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Formulations

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2645
Author(s):  
Natali Rianika Mustafa ◽  
Vincent Simon Spelbos ◽  
Geert-Jan Witkamp ◽  
Robert Verpoorte ◽  
Young Hae Choi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble

Some medicines are poorly soluble in water. For tube feeding and parenteral administration, liquid formulations are required. The discovery of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) opened the way to potential applications for liquid drug formulations. NADES consists of a mixture of two or more simple natural products such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids, choline/betaine, and poly-alcohols in certain molar ratios. A series of NADES with a water content of 0–30% (w/w) was screened for the ability to solubilize (in a stable way) some poorly water-soluble pharmaceuticals at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The results showed that NADES selectively dissolved the tested drugs. Some mixtures of choline-based NADES, acid-neutral or sugars-based NADES could dissolve chloral hydrate (dissociated in water), ranitidine·HCl (polymorphism), and methylphenidate (water insoluble), at a concentration of up to 250 mg/mL, the highest concentration tested. Whereas a mixture of lactic-acid–propyleneglycol could dissolve spironolacton and trimethoprim at a concentration up to 50 and 100 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that NADES are promising solvents for formulation of poorly water-soluble medicines for the development of parenteral and tube feeding administration of non-water-soluble medicines. The chemical stability and bioavailability of these drug in NADES needs further studies.

Access to α,α-Difluoro-γ-amino Acids by Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Aryldifluoroacetylation of N-Vinylacetamide

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingang Zhang ◽  
Qing-Wei Zhao ◽  
Zhi-Fang Yang ◽  
Xia-Ping Fu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Organometallic Reagents ◽  
Peptide Chemistry ◽  
Rapid Access ◽  
Aryl Iodides ◽  
Amide Carbonyl ◽  
Amide Carbonyl Group ◽  
Potential Applications

AbstractA nickel-catalyzed reductive aryldifluoroacetylation of N-vinylacetamide with ethyl chloro(difluoro)acetate and aryl iodides is described. This chelating amide carbonyl group-assisted strategy provides rapid access to a variety of protected α,α-difluoro-γ-amino acids that might have potential applications in peptide chemistry and protein engineering. An advantage of this method is its synthetic simplicity, with no preparation of organometallic reagents.

scholarly journals Development of a Chemically Defined Medium for Better Yield and Purification of Enterocin Y31 fromEnterococcus faeciumY31

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenli Liu ◽  
Lanwei Zhang ◽  
Huaxi Yi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Nucleic Acid Bases ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

The macro- and micronutrients in traditional medium, such as MRS, used for cultivating lactic acid bacteria, especially for bacteriocin production, have not been defined, preventing the quantitative monitoring of metabolic flux during bacteriocin biosynthesis. To enhance Enterocin Y31 production and simplify steps of separation and purification, we developed a simplified chemically defined medium (SDM) for the growth ofEnterococcus faeciumY31 and production of its bacteriocin, Enterocin Y31. We found that the bacterial growth was unrelated to Enterocin Y31 production in MRS; therefore, both the growth rate and the Enterocin Y31 production were set as the index for investigation. Single omission experiments revealed that 5 g/L NaCl, five vitamins, two nucleic acid bases, MgSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, CH3COONa, fourteen amino acids, and glucose were essential for the strain’s growth and Enterocin Y31 production. Thus, a novel simplified and defined medium (SDM) was formulated with 30 components in total. Consequently, Enterocin Y31 production yield was higher in SDM as compared to either MRS or CDM. SDM improved the Enterocin Y31 production and simplified the steps of purification (only two steps), which has broad potential applications.

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