scholarly journals Development of a Chemically Defined Medium for Better Yield and Purification of Enterocin Y31 fromEnterococcus faeciumY31

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenli Liu ◽  
Lanwei Zhang ◽  
Huaxi Yi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Nucleic Acid Bases ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

The macro- and micronutrients in traditional medium, such as MRS, used for cultivating lactic acid bacteria, especially for bacteriocin production, have not been defined, preventing the quantitative monitoring of metabolic flux during bacteriocin biosynthesis. To enhance Enterocin Y31 production and simplify steps of separation and purification, we developed a simplified chemically defined medium (SDM) for the growth ofEnterococcus faeciumY31 and production of its bacteriocin, Enterocin Y31. We found that the bacterial growth was unrelated to Enterocin Y31 production in MRS; therefore, both the growth rate and the Enterocin Y31 production were set as the index for investigation. Single omission experiments revealed that 5 g/L NaCl, five vitamins, two nucleic acid bases, MgSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, CH3COONa, fourteen amino acids, and glucose were essential for the strain’s growth and Enterocin Y31 production. Thus, a novel simplified and defined medium (SDM) was formulated with 30 components in total. Consequently, Enterocin Y31 production yield was higher in SDM as compared to either MRS or CDM. SDM improved the Enterocin Y31 production and simplified the steps of purification (only two steps), which has broad potential applications.

QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS: IX. AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wallace ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A study was made of the more specific amino acid requirements of bacteria from the rhizospheres of clover, flax, and wheat plants for which a chemically defined medium containing 23 amino acids provided essentials for maximum growth. Of seven groups of amino acids, the sulphur-containing group (cysteine, methionine, and taurine) was found to be of special significance, the omission of this group resulting in a pronounced decrease in the percentage of organisms able to develop. Further study of organisms dependent upon this group of amino acids for growth showed methionine to be by far the most essential compound. While evident for bacteria from the rhizosphere of all three crops, the effect was more pronounced in the case of clover than with flax or wheat.

USE OF KANAMYCIN FOR THE ISOLATION OF AUXOTROPHIC MUTANTS OF ACTINOBACILLUS MALLEI

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Auxotrophic Mutants ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Minimal Media

Growth of Actinobacillus mallei was inhibited by kanamycin; the minimal inhibitory concentration in a complex medium was 1.25 μg/ml and in a chemically defined medium 5 μg/ml. Higher concentrations of kanamycin had a pronounced bactericidal effect. When a suspension of cells containing 5 × 107 viable cells/ml was incubated in the presence of 20 μg/ml of kanamycin in a chemically defined medium, complete sterilization resulted after 6 hours. Cells irradiated with ultraviolet light were grown in complex or supplemental minimal media, washed, and exposed to 20 μg/ml of kanamycin in minimal medium for 4 hours. Auxotrophic mutants with requirements for tryptophane, phenylalanine, proline, and uracil were detected among the survivors of kanamycin treatment. After treatment with 0.01 M nitrous acid and growth in minimal medium supplemented with amino acids, cells were washed and then exposed to kanamycin in minimal medium. The proportion of autotrophs among the survivors varied from 1.3 to 75%. Mutants with requirements for each of the following amino acids were identified: methionine, methionine or cystine, arginine, leucine, tryptophane, histidme, and proline, with methionine-requiring mutants predominating. Exposure of mixtures of prototrophs and uracil-dependent and methionine-dependent auxotrophs to 20 μg/ml of kanamycin for 4 hours resulted in approximately 700- and 300-fold increases, respectively, in the ratio of auxotrophs to prototrophs.

Influence of vitamins and osmolites on growth and bacteriocin production byLactobacillus salivariusCRL 1328 in a chemically defined medium

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Vera Pingitore ◽  
Elvira María Hebert ◽  
Fernando Sesma ◽  
María Elena Nader-Macías
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Protein Gel ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Human Vagina

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of vitamins, glycerol, and salts on the growth and bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus salivarius CRL 1328, a human vagina isolate, by using a chemically defined medium to determine the optimal conditions for salivaricin production. The single omission of d-biotin, thiamine, p-aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, or cyanocobalamin did not affect the bacterial growth, whereas the removal of nicotinic acid, riboflavin, and pyridoxal produced a decrease of about 30% in the growth rate. Maximum salivaricin activity was observed after the addition of 5 or 10 g/L of NaCl. On the basis of the nutritional requirements and the levels of salivaricin production, a new optimized and simplified defined medium (SDM–NaCl) for L. salivarius CRL 1328 bacteriocin production was formulated. The kinetics of salivaricin production in SDM–NaCl and in the complex media LAPTg revealed that bacteriocin production was growth linked. A combination of tricine – sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Tricine–SDS–PAGE), Lumitein protein gel staining, and a bioassay for antibacterial activity indicated that the molecular mass of salivaricin CRL 1328 is about 4.5 kDa. The partially purified bacteriocin, obtained from SDM–NaCl after concentration, allowed for the design of a relatively simple method for the recovery of a biologically active protein.

The specificity of oligopeptide transport by Streptococcus thermophilus resembles that of Lactococcus lactis and not that of pathogenic streptococci

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1987-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Juille ◽  
Dominique Le Bars ◽  
Vincent Juillard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Peptide Transport ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Tryptic Digest ◽  
Transport Studies

Peptide transport is a crucial step in the growth of Streptococcus thermophilus in protein- or peptide-containing media. The objective of the present work was to determine the specificity of peptide utilization by this widely used lactic acid bacterium. To reach that goal, complementary approaches were employed. The capability of a proteinase-negative S. thermophilus strain to grow in a chemically defined medium containing a mixture of peptides isolated from milk as the source of amino acids was analysed. Peptides were separated into three size classes by ultrafiltration. The strain was able to use peptides up to 3·5 kDa during growth, as revealed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses. The same strain was grown in chemically defined medium containing a tryptic digest of casein, and the respective time-course consumption of the peptides during growth was estimated. The ability to consume large peptides (up to 23 residues) was confirmed, as long as they are cationic and hydrophobic. These results were confirmed by peptide transport studies. Extension of the study to 11 other strains revealed that they all shared these preferences.

scholarly journals The Growth Of Rhizobium in Synthetic Media

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Bergersen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Sodium Glutamate ◽  
Synthetic Media

A chemically defined medium for the growth of Rhizobium is described in which populations of up to 5 x 109 cells/ml were obtained. For the six strains of bacteria studied the complete medium supported exponential growth for two to five generations. The concentrations of biotin giving best growth varied ith strain between 125 and 250 f'g/l when the nitrogen source was sodium glutamate. NHt, NOs, and other amino acids, singly or in combination, did not upport as good growth as did sodium glutamate.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Exopolysaccharide Production byLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772 with a Simplified Defined Medium

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Grobben ◽  
I. Chin-Joe ◽  
V. A. Kitzen ◽  
I. C. Boels ◽  
F. Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Calcium Pantothenate ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Exopolysaccharide Production ◽  
Medium Components

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to investigate the medium requirements for growth and production of exopolysaccharides by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772. The strain was grown in batch cultures on a chemically defined medium, and the technique of single omission of medium components was applied to determine the nutritional requirements. The omission of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, or glycine affected growth only slightly, and the omission of glutamine, asparagine, or threonine resulted in a stronger reduction of the growth. All the other amino acids were essential. Multiple omissions of amino acids caused an almost complete loss of growth. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricusrequired only riboflavin, calcium pantothenate, and nicotinic acid as individual vitamins. Surprisingly, when only these vitamins were present in the medium and other vitamins were not, less growth was observed than in the complete medium but the amount of exopolysaccharide produced was significantly greater. These observations were studied in more detail with a simplified defined medium in which L. delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus was able to grow and produce exopolysaccharides. Although the final optical density in the simplified medium was lower, the production of exopolysaccharides was about twofold higher than in the complete medium.

scholarly journals Effect of methionine and cysteine deprivation on growth of different natural isolates of Lactobacillus spp. in chemically defined media

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lozo ◽  
Jelena Begovic ◽  
B. Jovcic ◽  
Natasa Golic ◽  
L. Topisirovic
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of natural isolates of lactobacilli from different ecological niches to grow in a chemically defined medium in the presence or absence of sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine and/or cysteine. The obtained results indicate that cysteine is essential for growth of L. paracasei subsp. paracasei BGHN14 and BGSJ2-8, while methionine is essential for isolates BGHN40, BGCG31, and BGHV54T of the species L. plantarum. Methionine is also essential for growth of L. rhamnosus BGHV58T. Other analyzed strains, such as L. plantarum BGSJ3-18, BGZB19, BGHV52Ta, and BGHV43T, require the presence of both amino acids for their growth.

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