Beneficial and Adverse Effects of Dietary Estrogens on the Human Endocrine System: Clinical and Epidemiological Data

2006 ◽  
pp. 69-108
Author(s):  
Doris M. Tham
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Data

Impact of some environmental chemical carcinogens on the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and possible mechanisms of its realization (literary review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
I.O. Chernychenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Balenko ◽  
O.M. Lytvychenko ◽  
V.F. Babii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Environmental Carcinogens ◽  
Chemical Carcinogens ◽  
Environmental Chemical ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pollution Emissions

Objective: We determined the possible effects of priority chemical environmental carcinogens on the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and the mechanisms of their effect on the basis of the analysis of literature data and our own research. Results: The performed analysis demonstrates the scanity of the research devoted to the study of chemical carcinogens which are concerned only with the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (BP), atmospheric pollution, emissions from vehicles, the cadmium heavy metal and products of smoking containing these substances. The connection with PAH (BP) and the development of breast, ovarian cancer, cadmium with the development of breast, endometrial, ovarian cancer in women and prostate cancer in men was established. Epidemiological data, combined with experimental ones, suggest a possible contribution of carcinogens into the increase of the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors. At the same time, mechanisms of action of PAH and cadmium on the development of hormone-dependent tumors are unclear. The accumulated experimental and epidemiological data allow us to conclude that the oncological danger of these carcinogens lies in the combination of genotoxic and hormone-mimetic properties; the main mechanisms, involved in the realization of the effect of BP and cadmium, are associated with changes and disorders at different levels of the structural and functional organization of the organism, including the endocrine system, which can lead to the development of tumors. The urgency of the problem of the incidence of hormone-dependent tumors and the potential role of the studied chemical carcinogens as pollutants of the environment of human functions indicate the need to take these circumstances into account when developing and implementing preventive measures.

P–060 Dose- dependent mitigation of lead acetate toxicity in males on embryo development in female mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Dolati ◽  
M J Zamiri ◽  
A Akhlaghi ◽  
Z Jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Female Mice

Abstract Study question Does quercetin (75 or 100 mg/kg BW/day) co-administration with lead acetate to male mice affects embryonic development in female mice? Summary answer The low-dose quercetin (75 mg/kg BW/day) ameliorated the adverse effects of lead acetate on mouse embryogenesis. What is known already Lead causes male infertility by impacting on endocrine system and spermatogenesis, and may exert undesirable effects on the offspring. The currently approved treatment for lead poisoning is the use of chelating agents, which form an insoluble complex with lead and shield it from biological targets; thus, reducing its toxicity. One of the main mechanisms of lead-induced toxicity is oxidative stress, and it has been reported that natural antioxidants can reduce the heavy metals toxicity. The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects of quercetin on the toxicity induced by lead acetate on the embryogenesis in mice. Study design, size, duration Sexually mature (eight-week-old) NMRI male mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 per group) receiving (i) distilled water (control group); (ii) lead acetate (150 mg/kg BW/day) dissolved in deionized water (LA); (iii) lead acetate (150 mg/kg BW/day) + quercetin (75 mg/kg BW/day) (LQ75); (IV) lead acetate (150 mg/kg BW/day) + quercetin (100 mg/kg BW/day) (LQ100). Treatments were applied daily as oral gavages for one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (35 days). Participants/materials, setting, methods At the end of treatment administration, the males were joined with super-ovulated females, and the retrieved zygotes were cultured for evaluation of the embryo development (at 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and blastocyst stages), and blastocyst cell number using differential staining (propidium iodide and bisbenzimide). After incubation of capacitated sperm with oocytes, an ultraviolet light microscope was used following 3 min incubation with 25 µg⁄mL bisbenzamide solution for fertilization assessment. Main results and the role of chance Lead acetate (LA) treatment of male mice decreased the 2-cell stage compared with the control group (P > 0.05). There was no difference between control and LQ75, and between LA and LQ100. The other stages of embryonic development were not significantly affected by the treatment. Overall, early embryonic development in the control and LQ75 mice were better than LQ100 and LA mice. The number of cells in the trophectoderm and inner-cell mass were not affected by treatments. However, the total blastocyst cell number in the control was higher than in the other groups; there was no significant difference between LQ100, LQ75 and LA groups. Fertilization rate was not affected by the treatments (P < 0.05). Quercetin acts as a potent antioxidant at low doses, but at high doses exerts a pro-oxidant action. According to previous reports, higher concentrations of quercetin increased apoptosis and necrosis while decreasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Also, it has been suggested that quercetin might disrupt the endocrine system and interfere with Sertoli cell function and sperm motility. Limitations, reasons for caution A limitation of this study is narrow dose selection; more studies are needed to determine the effective dose of quercetin in ameliorating the lead toxicity. There are also side effects of lead-quercetin chelates such as metal redistribution, essential metal loss, accumulation and persistency in intracellular sites, and peroxidation. Wider implications of the findings: Lead administration adversely impacted on the embryogenesis; on the other hand, paternal quercetin co-administration somewhat ameliorated the adverse effects of lead on mice embryogenesis. Trial registration number Not applicable

An Overview of Endocrine Modulators

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Byrd ◽  
William H. Benson ◽  
Keith R. Solomon ◽  
John A. Thomas ◽  
William J. Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Valley Forge ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Endocrine Modulation

During the American College of Toxicology's Symposium on Endocrine Modulators (Valley Forge, PA, November 1996), the speakers evaluated relevant scientific information and discussed three general ideas, as follows: (1) The available epidem iological data are inconsistent with significant increases in observed human health effects that might relate to the modulation of the endocrine system. (2) Environm ental contarn in ants have produced toxic effects in wildlife at specific locations. In select instances, the adverse effects observed may involve modulation of endocrine pathways. (3) Additional research focused on endocrine modulation is desirable in order to address this issue within a sound, scientificframework.

scholarly journals A restatement of the natural science evidence base on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on wildlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1897) ◽  
pp. 20182416 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Andrea E. A. Stephens ◽  
Paul D. Jepson ◽  
Susan Jobling ◽  
Andrew C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Science Evidence

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances that alter the function of the endocrine system and consequently cause adverse effects to humans or wildlife. The release of particular EDCs into the environment has been shown to negatively affect certain wildlife populations and has led to restrictions on the use of some EDCs. Current chemical regulations aim to balance the industrial, agricultural and/or pharmaceutical benefits of using these substances with their demonstrated or potential harm to human health or the environment. A summary is provided of the natural science evidence base informing the regulation of chemicals released into the environment that may have endocrine disrupting effects on wildlife. This summary is in a format (a ‘restatement’) intended to be policy-neutral and accessible to informed, but not expert, policy-makers and stakeholders.

Effects of Nutrition on Reproductive Capability

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret ◽  
Arthur Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Maternal Malnutrition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reproductive Capability ◽  
The Right ◽  
Poor Nutrition

The endocrine system is sensitive to nutritional status. The hypothalamus reacts to poor nutrition by reduced secretion of hormones which normally stimulate the release of pituitary hormones essential for fertility of male and female, for embryonic development and by secretion of hormones which inhibit the release of other hormones controlling growth and lactation. The secretion of hormones by the pituitary, ovaries and liver is also directly inhibited by different degrees of nutritional inadequacy on varying timescales. The hypothalamic-pituitary system is inhibited by caloric restriction, and by deficiencies of vitamins such as pyridoxine and folic acid, and by deficiencies of minerals such as zinc and magnesium. Extensive epidemiological data from Europe in times of food shortage show that maternal malnutrition around the time of conception is much more damaging to the outcome of pregnancy than maternal malnutrition during the last two trimesters. The embryo during the first eight weeks of gestation, before the development of the placenta and fetal biosynthetic capacity, is dependent on a supply of essential nutrients in the right concentration and on a balanced supply of hormones and biochemical precursors from maternal blood.

scholarly journals Kinase Inhibitors: Adverse Effects Related to the Endocrine System

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya B. Lodish
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics

Context: The use of kinase inhibitors (KIs) in the treatment of cancer has become increasingly common, and practitioners must be familiar with endocrine-related side effects associated with these agents. This review provides an update to the clinician regarding the management of potential endocrinological effects of KIs. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was employed to identify relevant manuscripts. A review of the literature was conducted, and data were summarized and incorporated. Evidence Synthesis: KIs, including small molecule KIs and monoclonal antibodies directed against kinases, have emerged over the past decade as an important class of anticancer agents. KIs specifically interfere with signaling pathways that are dysregulated in certain types of cancers and also target common mechanisms of growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Currently, at least 20 KIs are approved as cancer therapeutics. However, KIs may affect a broad spectrum of targets and may have additional, unidentified mechanisms of action at the cellular level due to overlap between signaling pathways in the tumor cell and endocrine system. Recent reports in the literature have identified side effects associated with KIs, including alterations in thyroid function, bone metabolism, linear growth, gonadal function, fetal development, adrenal function, and glucose metabolism. Conclusions: Clinicians need to monitor the thyroid functions of patients on KIs. In addition, bone density and vitamin D status should be assessed. Special care should be taken to follow linear growth and development in children taking these agents. Clinicians should counsel patients appropriately on the potential adverse effects of KIs on fetal development.

scholarly journals The influence of monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment on the endocrine system

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 317-327
Author(s):  
Kamil Dyrka ◽  
Daria Witasik ◽  
Agata Czarnywojtek ◽  
Katarzyna Łącka
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Thanks to scientific research, new methods of cancer treatment, including molecularly targeted therapy, are being developed. Monoclonal antibodies are used to treat many diseases, including some types of cancer, and affect various systems of the human body. The presented article aims to present the adverse effects of molecularly targeted cancer therapy on the endocrine system based on the current literature data. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1, can cause a variety of autoimmune adverse effects, among others, thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis, and diabetes mellitus. The authors also paid attention to monitoring selected diagnostic parameters to prevent endocrine adverse effects during a therapy with monoclonal antibodies. The development of adverse effects may sometimes progress atypically and rapidly, and may be a life-threatening condition. Clinicians should choose individual schemes of treatment for particular patients. The patient’s condition should also be monitored before, during and after the therapy. The decision about the continuation of treatment with monoclonal antibodies should be based especially on a risk connected with the cessation of treatment. Clinical trials should be continued to improve knowledge about the side effects of monoclonal antibodies.

Critical evaluation of observed adverse effects of endocrine active substances on reproduction and development, the immune system, and the nervous system

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2099-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. O'Connor ◽  
R. E. Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Active Substances

The last 40 years have seen many reports that man-made chemicals and environmental pollutants cause adverse effects in humans and wildlife; however, actually linking an exposure with a mechanism and an effect has yet to be done for endocrine disruption. Certainly, studies in experimental animals have shown that sufficient doses of select compounds can disrupt the endocrine system and produce the attendant adverse outcomes. The purpose of this contribution is to evaluate some of the recent reports of the adverse effects on reproduction and development, the immune system, and the nervous system that have been observed in experimental animals after treatment with man-made chemicals and environmental pollutants. Space limitations prevent us from presenting a comprehensive review of all reported endocrine active chemicals and their effects. Instead, we have focused on drawing conclusions as to the scope and etiology of the adverse effects in experimental animals using examples from the scientific literature, and on suggesting a path forward for further work.

Herbal Medications for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-350
Author(s):  
Bilal A. Al-Jaidi ◽  
Haifa'a Marouf Odetallah ◽  
Balakumar Chandrasekaran ◽  
Razan Amro
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Treatment ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Herbal Medications ◽  
Future Drug

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder of the endocrine system affecting people worldwide. It is a serious disorder that needs lifetime control which is mainly treated by numerous chemical agents. Most of these chemical agents are associated with various unpleasant adverse effects, as a result of which there is a growing interest towards the alternative medicines which are found to be comparatively safer causing less adverse effects. As there are many plant’s extracts which are evident to provide hypoglycemic effect, intensive investigations are under progress to explore their advantageous effects on diabetic patients. This article discusses some of these important plants that are either being used for diabetes treatment or under investigation for future drug development.

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