Molecular Aspects in Feedback Regulation of Gene Expression by Cholesterol in Mammalian Cells

Methods ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Osborne ◽  
Vickie J. LaMorte
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Molecular Aspects

scholarly journals A more efficient RNAi inducible system for tight regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells and xenograft animals

RNA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
N. Ke ◽  
J. Bliesath ◽  
J. Chionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Expression In Mammalian Cells

Regulation of gene expression and cellular proliferation by histone H2A.ZThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB’s 51st Annual Meeting – Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Svotelis ◽  
Nicolas Gévry ◽  
Luc Gaudreau
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Variants ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Cycle Arrest

The mammalian genome is organized into a structure of DNA and proteins known as chromatin. In general, chromatin presents a barrier to gene expression that is regulated by several pathways, namely by the incorporation of histone variants into the nucleosome. In yeast, H2A.Z is an H2A histone variant that is incorporated into nucleosomes as an H2A.Z/H2B dimer by the Swr1 complex and by the SRCAP and p400/Tip60 complexes in mammalian cells. H2A.Z has been associated with the poising of genes for transcriptional activation in the yeast model system, and is essential for development in higher eukaryotes. Recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated a p400-dependent deposition of H2A.Z at the promoter of p21WAF1/CIP1, a consequence that prevents the activation of the gene by p53, thereby inhibiting p53-dependent replicative senescence, a form of cell-cycle arrest crucial in the prevention of carcinogenic transformation of cells. Moreover, H2A.Z is overexpressed in several different types of cancers, and its overexpression has been associated functionally with the proliferation state of cells. Therefore, we suggest that H2A.Z is an important regulator of gene expression, and its deregulation may lead to the increased proliferation of mammalian cells.

Regulation of gene expression by hypoxia

2008 ◽  
Vol 414 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Steven Kenneth ◽  
Sonia Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Translation Regulation ◽  
Cellular Gene ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Hypoxia induces profound changes in the cellular gene expression profile. The discovery of a major transcription factor family activated by hypoxia, HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor), and the factors that contribute to HIF regulation have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the molecular aspects of the hypoxic response. However, in addition to HIF, other transcription factors and cellular pathways are activated by exposure to reduced oxygen. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of how additional hypoxia-responsive transcription factors integrate with HIF and how other cellular pathways such as chromatin remodelling, translation regulation and microRNA induction, contribute to the co-ordinated cellular response observed following hypoxic stress.

scholarly journals Selective Translation Complex Profiling Reveals Staged Initiation and Co-translational Assembly of Initiation Factor Complexes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wagner ◽  
Anna Herrmannová ◽  
Vladislava Hronová ◽  
Neelam Sen ◽  
Ross D. Hannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Codon Recognition ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

SUMMARYTranslational control targeting mainly the initiation phase is central to the regulation of gene expression. Understanding all of its aspects requires substantial technological advancements. Here we modified yeast Translational Complex Profile sequencing (TCP-seq), related to ribosome profiling, and adopted it for mammalian cells. Human TCP-seq, capable of capturing footprints of 40S subunits (40Ses) in addition to 80S ribosomes (80Ses), revealed that mammalian and yeast 40Ses distribute similarly across 5’UTRs indicating considerable evolutionary conservation. We further developed a variation called Selective TCP-seq (Sel-TCP-seq) enabling selection for 40Ses and 80Ses associated with an immuno-targeted factor in yeast and human. Sel-TCP-seq demonstrated that eIF2 and eIF3 travel along 5’UTRs with scanning 40Ses to successively dissociate upon start codon recognition. Manifesting the Sel-TCP-seq versatility for gene expression studies, we also identified four initiating 48S conformational intermediates, provided novel insights into ATF4 and GCN4 mRNA translational control, and demonstrated co-translational assembly of initiation factor complexes.

Negative and positive regulation in trans of gene expression from adeno-associated virus vectors in mammalian cells by a viral rep gene product

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2884-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Tratschin ◽  
J Tal ◽  
B J Carter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Positive Regulation ◽  
Aav Vector ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
In Trans

We previously described use of the human parvovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), as a vector for transient expression in mammalian cells of the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). In the AAV vector, pTS1, the CAT gene is expressed under the control of the major AAV promoter p40. This promoter is embedded within the carboxyl-terminal region of an open reading frame (orf-1) which codes for a protein (rep) required for AAV DNA replication. We show here that the rep product has additional trans-acting properties to regulate gene expression. First, deletion or frame-shift mutations in orf-1, which occurred far upstream of p40, increased expression of CAT in human 293 (adenovirus-transformed) cells. This increased CAT expression was abolished when such mutant AAV vectors were transfected into 293 cells together with a second AAV vector which could supply the wild-type AAV rep product in trans. Thus, an AAV rep gene product was a negative regulator, in trans, of expression of CAT in uninfected 293 cells. In adenovirus-infected 293 cells, the function of the AAV rep product was more complex, but in some cases, it appeared to be a trans activator of the expression from p40. In HeLa cells, only trans activation by rep was seen in the absence or presence of adenovirus. Neither activation nor repression by the rep product required replication per se of the AAV vector DNA. Thus, trans-acting negative or positive regulation of gene expression by the AAV rep gene is modulated by factors in the host cell and by the helper adenovirus.

An engineered PGK promoter and lac operator-repressor system for the regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells

Gene ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry N. Hannan ◽  
Sigrid A. Lehnert ◽  
Elizabeth S. MacAvoy ◽  
Philip A. Jennings ◽  
Peter L. Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Lac Operator ◽  
Expression In Mammalian Cells
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