Effect of Nitrate and Ammonium Ions on the Pigment Content (Xanthophylls, Carotenes and Chlorophylls) of Ramalina Capitata

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
M. A. Sanchez-Hoyos ◽  
E. Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractThalli of Ramalina capitata were sprayed with deionized water, 10 mM solutions of KNO3 or NH4Cl, or maintained without any water supply, for 10 days under controlled conditions. The lichens without a water supply showed an increase n antheraxanthin, lutein and β-carotene. The samples treated with deionized water showed a significant increase in violaxathin, antheraxanthin and β-carotene. The lack of a significant difference in zeaxanthin could indicate the absence of de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin via antheraxanthin. Those samples treated with nitrate solution showed a significant increase in all pigments except for antheraxanthin. In contrast, ammonium treatment did not induce changes compared to water alone, except that antheraxanthin decreased. The lichens treated with nitrate exhibited a significant increase in both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, but ammonium affected only chlorophyll b.

Etude sur la teneur en pigment de frênes qui croissent dans des conditions différentes

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Light Quantity ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
The One ◽  
Green Pigments

Pigment content of ashes grown up under different circumstances - The pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,  xanthophyll and carotene) has been researched with ashes grown up under  different light circumstances and varying in age and height.     The results prove that the general laws concerning the influence of light  on the pigment content, don’t always work.     The phenomen is very complex. The light quantity is very important in some  cases, but insignificant in others. It seems origin and height of plants have  a strong influence. The results prove also the influence of the environment  is much higher on small plants as on big ones.     The research indicates finally the correlation between the green pigments,  the yellow pigments, and between the green pigments on the one side and the  yellow ones on the other side.

Interactions between Photosynthetic Pigments Bound to Lipid and Protein Particles. Spectroscopic Properties

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
Framçoise Techy ◽  
Monique Dinant ◽  
Jacques Aghion
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Protein Particles ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract The spectroscopic (visible) properties of pigment-bearing lipid and protein particles extract­ ed from milk show that: 1) chlorophylls a and b bound to separate particles can form aggregates provided their relative concentration is high enough. Neither pheophytin a nor β-carotene, in the same conditions, form observable aggregates. 2) Chlorophylls a and b can co-aggregate when they are bound to the same particles. Pheophytin a as well as β-carotene seem to prevent the aggregation of chlorophyll a. β-carotene has no effect on the aggregation of chlorophyll b.

CHANGES IN LEAF PIGMENTS DURING SENESCENCE AND CURING OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Pigment Concentrations ◽  
Oxygen Substitution ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Carotenoid Degradation

Neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in the leaves of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were determined in samples collected at intervals from the middle of July through harvest. Harvested leaves were also sampled at intervals during flue curing for pigment determinations. Except where interrupted by rainfall or irrigation, pigment concentrations progressively declined during plant growth; this degradation was accelerated during flue curing. Carotenoid degradation during flue curing was proportional to the degree of oxygen substitution of the carotenoid. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in cured tissue were typically less than 1% of the amounts present at harvest.Key words: Carotenoids, chlorophyll, tobacco (flue-cured), flue curing, senescence

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SPECTRAL FILTERS ON LEAF PIGMENTS AND ANATOMY OF `SPEARS' CHRYSANTHEMUM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 648g-648
Author(s):  
Margaret J. McMahon ◽  
John W. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Spectral Filtering ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Β Carotene

`Spears' chrysanthemums were grown in chambers fitted with double-walled exolite filled with spectral filtering solutions: a blue textile dye that absorbed red light, CuSO4·5H2O that absorbed far-red light, and H2O that was spectrally non-selective (control). Leaves of `Spears' grown under CuSO4-filters had increased chlorophyll a (23%), chlorophyll b (26%), xanthophyll (22%), and β-carotene (24%) compared to plants grown under H2O or blue-dye filters. Ratios of total carotenoid: chlorophyll and chlorophyll a: chlorophyll b were not affected by filter. Individual leaf area was reduced 25% under CuSO4 filters compared to other filters. Stomates per unit area were not affected by filters, however stomates per leaf were reduced 25% under CuSO4 filters because of leaf size reduction. Stomate length and width were not affected by filter. Leaves from plants grown under CuSO4-filters had an internal structure resembling that of sun-type leaves. Other filters induced a shade-type leaf.

scholarly journals Impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunk.) on physiological and anatomical changes in untreated and herbicide-treated alfalfa plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Leaf Parameters ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The effects of field dodder on physiological processes and the anatomy of alfalfa plants were examined under controlled conditions. The experiment included the following variants: N - noninfested alfalfa plants (control); I - infested alfalfa plants (untreated); T - infested plants treated with imazethapyr. Imazethapyr application rate was 100 g a.i. ha-1. The following parameters were checked: physiological - pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids); anatomical - stem parameters: thickness of epidermis and cortex, and diameter of stem and central cylinder; leaf parameters: thickness of epidermis, parenchyma and spongy tissue, mesophyll and underside leaf epidermis, and diameter of bundle sheath cells in alfalfa plants. Pigment contents and anatomical parameters were measured: prior to herbicide treatment (0 assessment), then 7 (I assessment), 14 (II assessment), 21 (III assessment), 28 (IV assessment) and 35 (V assessment) days after application (DAA). Field dodder was found to affect the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a and carotenoids in untreated alfalfa plants, causing significant reductions in pigment content. Conversely, percent reduction in the treated plants decreased 22-5% for chlorophyll a, 25-1%, for chlorophyll b, and 21-11% for carotenoids, while a stimulating effect of 1-6% was observed for the contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoids 35 DAA. Plants infested (untreated) by field dodder had lower values of most anatomical parameters, compared to noninfested plants. The measured anatomical parameters of alfalfa stems and leaves had significantly higher values in noninfested plants and plants treated with imazethapyr than in untreated plants.

Physiological responses of eight maize varieties to salinity under the field and greenhouse conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-495
Author(s):  
Molazem Davar ◽  
Elshad M Qurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salinity Levels

An experiment was conducted in two fields (normal and saline) to study the effect of salinity on eight varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) for three years. Another experiment was carried out in three salinity levels, zero (control), 50 and 100 mM NaCl in greenhouse at the factorial design in a year. During the experiment characters such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and proline content were measured. Comparison of means in different soil of salinity showed that, there were significant differences in genotypes in most traits. Maximum amount of chlorophyll a was observed in S.C704 in control condition and there was no significant difference from B73. In field condition maximum and minimum amount of proline were observed in S.C704 in saline condition and K3615/1 in normal condition, respectively. In greenhouse, maximum amount of chlorophyll a was observed in K3615/1 variety.

scholarly journals The Effects of Environmental Contaminants on Freshwater Cyanobacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jenna Mumford
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Maximum Quantum Yield ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes with a cosmopolitan distribution and are key contributors to Earth’s primary production. In favourable conditions, some taxa have the ability to form dense algal blooms. When blooms are created by toxin-producing strains they can become a public health threat and may lead to deaths of wild and domestic animals. Different species and strains respond differently to environmental conditions and contaminants, and this thesis investigates the impacts of natural (microcystin, a hepatotoxic cyanotoxin) and anthropogenic (glyphosate) contaminants on cyanobacteria.  Some non-microcystin-producing cyanobacteria have the ability to sequester microcystin, one of them being the strain Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi CAWBG02, and the reason for this ability is unknown. This strain was supplemented with microcystin in a range of environmental conditions (temperature/light intensity combinations) to determine any impacts on fitness by measuring photosynthetic performance, growth, and pigment content (chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin). Microcystin supplementation at a concentration of 25 μg L-1 did not have an effect on growth or pigment content in C. issatschenkoi, and photosynthetic performance was also largely unaffected. Based on the results from this thesis, C. issatschenkoi does not acquire competitive advantages from microcystin sequestration due to the lack of effects on growth and photosynthetic functioning. Previous research has suggested that microcystin is used to suppress competitors, and a 33% decrease in maximum quantum yield was detected in one environmental condition (low temperature, intermediate light), however, there was no significant difference in all of the other conditions used. Therefore, the results from this study do not support the idea that microcystin is used to suppress competitors. Microcystin sequestration may be more beneficial to non-producing-strains within the same species as the toxin-producer (e.g. non-toxic M. aeruginosa).  Glyphosate and MCPA are two of the most commonly used herbicides in New Zealand and globally. These herbicides enter waterways through leaching and come into contact with non- target species. To determine whether these herbicides have an effect on freshwater cyanobacteria in New Zealand, a screening assay was carried out on fourteen strains. Further, the impacts on pigment content (chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin), growth, and photosynthetic performance in two toxic (Nodularia spumigena, Microcystis aeruginosa) and two non-toxic (Dolichospermum lemmermannii, Microcystis wesenbergii) strains were quantified. Growth rates were not impacted by MCPA in any of the fourteen cyanobacterial strains. Glyphosate impacted growth in seven of the fourteen strains, and response differed between strains even within a single species. In general, strains employing a colonial growth strategy were more tolerant to glyphosate in the screening assay. N. spumigena and M. wesenbergii were unaffected by glyphosate at the concentrations used in the functional analysis, and D. lemmermannii had decreased photosynthetic performance from glyphosate. Intermediate concentrations of glyphosate resulted in promotion of PSII functioning in M. aeruginosa, and high concentrations inhibited maximum quantum yield. The lack of significant impacts on M.wesenbergii and N. spumigena, as well as negative effects of PSII functioning in D. lemmermannii, suggest that glyphosate contamination in freshwaters may benefit toxic M. aeruginosa more than competing toxic and non-toxic species or strains.</p>

scholarly journals Komposisi Pigmen pada Ulva sp., Padina australis dan Hypnea sp. dari Pantai Tablolong Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Martice Desi Pesang ◽  
James Ngginak ◽  
Alfred Gasper Onisimus Kase ◽  
Coni Lisandra Balle Bisilissin
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Indonesia has marine biological natural resources consisting of fish, seaweed, crabs and shrimp which are very potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of pigments in Ulva sp (Chlorophyta), Padina australis (Paeophyta) and Hypnea sp (Rhodophyta) obtained from Tablolong waters. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Proof of pigment in samples using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results of pigment analysis of Ulva sp obtained twelve color spots with identified pigment types consisting of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, b-carotene and feofitin. The pigment content identified in Padina australis samples are chlorophyll b, feoforbid, xanthophyll, chlorophyll a, carotene and feofitin a. The types of pigments identified in Ulva sp include pigment chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and feofitin from the total color spots formed. Based on the results of this study concluded that non-cultivated seaweed obtained from Tablolong waters contains carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments. Suggestions from this study are expected to do an analysis of pigment content analysis in the dry season time period and continued with antioxidant testing.  Indonesia memiliki Sumber Daya Alam hayati laut yang terdiri dari ikan, rumput laut, kepiting dan udang yang sangat potensial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi pigmen pada Ulva sp (Chlorophyta), Padina australis (Paeophyta)  dan Hypnea sp (Rhodophyta)  yang diperoleh dari perairan Tablolong. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pembuktian pigmen pada sampel menggunakan Kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Hasil analisis pigmen dari Ulva sp diperoleh dua belas spot warna dengan jenis pigmen yang teridentifikasi terdiri dari klorofil a, klorofil b, xantofil, b-karoten dan feofitin. Kandungan pigmen yang teridentifikasi pada sampel Padina australis adalah klorofil b, feoforbid, xantofil, klorofil a, karoten dan feofitin a. Jenis pigmen yang teridentifikasi pada Ulva sp meliputi pigmen klorofil a, klorofil b, karoten dan feofitin dari total spot warna yang terbentuk. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rumput laut non budidaya yang diperoleh dari perairan Tablolong memiliki kandungan pigmen karotenoid dan klorofil. Saran dari penelitian ini diharapkan dilakukan peneltian analisis kandungan pigmen pada periode waktu musim kemarau serta dilanjutkan dengan uji antioksidan.

scholarly journals Quantification of Chlorophyll and Carotene Pigments Content in Mountain Melick (Melica nutans L.) in Relation to Edaphic Variables

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Waldemar Zielewicz ◽  
Barbara Wróbel ◽  
Gniewko Niedbała
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Edaphic Variables ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of the study was to identify and compare the content of chlorophyll and carotene pigments in mountain melick plants (Melica nutans L.) growing in two forest habitats in the Zielonka Forest Landscape Park in the Greater Poland region, which differed in soil properties and moisture. Leaf blades from the middle level of Melica nutans generative shoots were used as analytical material to measure the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, β-carotene and total carotenoids. The average (±SD) content of chlorophyll a in the Melica nutans plants growing in the less fertile site (Location I) amounted to 6.67 ± 0.99 mg·g−1 DM. The average content of chlorophyll b in the same plants was 2.44 ± 0.39 mg·g−1 DM. The Melica nutans plants growing in the more fertile site (Location II) had a higher content of chlorophyll a, i.e., 7.76 ± 0.96 mg·g−1 DM, and lower content of chlorophyll b, i.e., 2.36 ± 0.26 mg·g−1 DM. The plants collected from both sites had similar content of β-carotene, i.e., 0.61 ± 0.11 mg·g−1 DM Location I and 0.62 ± 0.07 mg·g−1 DM Location II. The plants growing in the less fertile site (Location I) had significantly higher total carotene content than the plants in the more fertile site (Location II). The content of pigments in the Melica nutans plants was significantly differentiated by the meteorological conditions in the subsequent years of the research. In the first year of the research, the average content of all chlorophyll pigments in the plants was significantly higher than in the second drier year, regardless of the site.

scholarly journals Comparative Extraction of Chlorophylls in Selected Forest and Savanna Mosses Using Dimethylsulphoxide and Acetone

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Fisayo S. AROYEHUN ◽  
Amos M. MAKINDE ◽  
Musibau O. ISA
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Derived Savanna ◽  
Chlorophyll Accumulation ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study compared the extraction of chlorophylls from selected forest mosses (Hyophila involuta and Thuidium gratum) and derived savanna moss (Archidium ohioense) using dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and 80% acetone. The mosses were collected from natural populations found in the Central Campus of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The chlorophyll extractions process followed standard methods and the absorbance of the extracts were read on spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 645 nm and 663 nm respectively. The data obtained were later subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The results showed that DMSO was a better chlorophyll extractant for mosses than 80% acetone. Although there were significant differences in the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio and total chlorophyll accumulation within all three species using DMSO and 80% acetone as extractant (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in the chlorophyll b accumulation of all the three species (P > 0.05).

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