Cryopreparation Provides New Insight into the Effects of Brefeldin A on the Structure of the HepG2 Golgi Apparatus

2000 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Hess ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
Paul L. Debbage ◽  
Monika Vetterlein ◽  
Margit Pavelka
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Insight Into

Important role for the V-type H+-ATPase and the Golgi apparatus in the recycling of PTH/PTHrP receptor

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. E704-E710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham A. W. Tawfeek ◽  
Abdul B. Abou-Samra
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Receptor Recycling ◽  
Bafilomycin A1 ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Concanamycin A ◽  
Hydrogen Atpase ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Pthrp Receptor

Our previous studies demonstrated that a green fluorescent protein-tagged parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor stably expressed in LLCPK-1 cells undergoes agonist-dependent internalization into clathrin-coated pits. The subcellular localization of the internalized PTH/PTHrP receptor is not known. In the present study, we explored the intracellular pathways of the internalized PTH/PTHrP receptor. Using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we show that the internalized receptors localize at a juxtanuclear compartment identified as the Golgi apparatus. The receptors do not colocalize with lysosomes. Furthermore, whereas the internalized receptors exhibit rapid recycling, treatment with proton pump inhibitors (bafilomycin-A1 and concanamycin A) or brefeldin A, Golgi disrupting agents, reduces PTH/PTHrP receptor recycling. Together, these data indicate an important role for the vacuolar-type hydrogen-ATPase and the Golgi apparatus in postendocytic PTH/PTHrP receptor recovery.

scholarly journals Brefeldin A inhibits transport of the glycophorin-binding protein from Plasmodium falciparum into the host erythrocyte

1994 ◽  
Vol 300 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Benting ◽  
D Mattei ◽  
K Lingelbach
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Parasite Cell ◽  
Host Cell Cytoplasm

Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite of the human erythrocyte, causes the most severe form of malaria. During its intraerythrocytic development, the parasite synthesizes proteins which are exported into the host cell. The compartments involved in the secretory pathway of P. falciparum are still poorly characterized. A Golgi apparatus has not been identified, owing to the lack of specific protein markers and Golgi-specific post-translational modifications in the parasite. The fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) is known to inhibit protein secretion in higher eukaryotes by disrupting the integrity of the Golgi apparatus. We have used the parasite-encoded glycophorin-binding protein (GBP), a soluble protein found in the host cell cytoplasm, as a marker to investigate the effects of BFA on protein secretion in the intracellular parasite. In the presence of BFA, GBP was not transported into the erythrocyte, but remained inside the parasite cell. The effect caused by BFA was reversible, and the protein could be chased into the host cell cytoplasm within 30 min. Transport of GBP from the BFA-sensitive site into the host cell did not require protein synthesis. Similar observations were made when infected erythrocytes were incubated at 15 degrees C. Incubation at 20 degrees C resulted in a reduction rather than a complete block of protein export. The relevance of our findings to the identification of compartments involved in protein secretion from the parasite cell is discussed.

scholarly journals Cisternal Rab Proteins Regulate Golgi Apparatus Redistribution in Response to Hypotonic Stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2586-2596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Jiang ◽  
Brian Storrie
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rab Proteins ◽  
Hypotonic Stress ◽  
Rab Protein ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Independent Process

We show that a physiological role of the extensively studied cisternal Golgi rab protein, rab6, is modulation of Golgi apparatus response to stress. Taking exposure of cells to hypotonic media as the best-known example of mammalian Golgi stress response, we found that hypotonic-induced tubule extension from the Golgi apparatus was sensitive to GDP-rab6a expression. Similarly, we found that Golgi tubulation induced by brefeldin A, a known microtubule-dependent process, was inhibited by GDP-restricted rab6a, rab6a′, and rab33b, the most commonly studied cisternal rab proteins. These GDP-rab levels were sufficient to inhibit rab-induced redistribution of Golgi glycosyltransferases into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), also a microtubule-dependent process, and to depress Golgi membrane association of the GTP-conformer of rab6. Nocodazole-induced Golgi scattering, a microtubule-independent process, also was inhibited by GDP-rab6a expression. In comparison, we found similar GDP-rab expression levels had little inhibitory effect on another microtubule-independent process, constitutive recycling of Golgi resident proteins to the ER. We conclude that Golgi cisternal rabs, and in particular rab6a, are regulators of the Golgi response to stress and presumably the molecular targets of stress-activated signaling pathway(s). Moreover, we conclude that rab6a can regulate select microtubule-independent processes as well as microtubule-dependent processes.

scholarly journals Capacity of the Golgi Apparatus for Biogenesis from the Endoplasmic Reticulum

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 5011-5018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Puri ◽  
Adam D. Linstedt
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Er Export ◽  
Golgi Matrix

It is unclear whether the mammalian Golgi apparatus can form de novo from the ER or whether it requires a preassembled Golgi matrix. As a test, we assayed Golgi reassembly after forced redistribution of Golgi matrix proteins into the ER. Two conditions were used. In one, ER redistribution was achieved using a combination of brefeldin A (BFA) to cause Golgi collapse and H89 to block ER export. Unlike brefeldin A alone, which leaves matrix proteins in relatively large remnant structures outside the ER, the addition of H89 to BFA-treated cells caused ER accumulation of all Golgi markers tested. In the other, clofibrate treatment induced ER redistribution of matrix and nonmatrix proteins. Significantly, Golgi reassembly after either treatment was robust, implying that the Golgi has the capacity to form de novo from the ER. Furthermore, matrix proteins reemerged from the ER with faster ER exit rates. This, together with the sensitivity of BFA remnants to ER export blockade, suggests that presence of matrix proteins in BFA remnants is due to cycling via the ER and preferential ER export rather than their stable assembly in a matrix outside the ER. In summary, the Golgi apparatus appears capable of efficient self-assembly.

scholarly journals Mammalian Cdc42 Is a Brefeldin A-sensitive Component of the Golgi Apparatus

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (43) ◽  
pp. 26850-26854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon W. Erickson ◽  
Chun-jiang Zhang ◽  
Richard A. Kahn ◽  
Tony Evans ◽  
Richard A. Cerione
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Brefeldin A

scholarly journals Molecular cloning, characterization, subcellular localization and dynamics of p23, the mammalian KDEL receptor.

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Tang ◽  
S H Wong ◽  
X L Qi ◽  
S H Low ◽  
W Hong
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Human Sequence ◽  
Intermediate Compartment ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
Membrane Spanning Domains

We have isolated a cDNA clone (mERD2) for the mammalian (bovine) homologue of the yeast ERD2 gene, which codes for the yeast HDEL receptor. The deduced amino acid sequence bears extensive homology to its yeast counterpart and is almost identical to a previously described human sequence. The sequence predicts a very hydrophobic protein with multiple membrane spanning domains, as confirmed by analysis of the in vitro translation product. The protein encoded by mERD2 (p23) has widespread occurrence, being present in all the cell types examined. p23 was localized to the cis-side of the Golgi apparatus and to a spotty intermediate compartment which mediates ER to Golgi transport. A majority of the intracellular staining could be accumulated in the intermediate compartment by a low temperature (15 degrees C) or brefeldin A. During recovery from these treatments, the spotty intermediate compartment staining of p23 was shifted to the perinuclear staining of the Golgi apparatus and tubular structures marked by p23 were observed. These tubular structures may serve to mediate transport between the intermediate compartment and the Golgi apparatus.

Brefeldin A inhibits phosphate transport in opossum kidney cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. C40-C47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Capparelli ◽  
M. C. Heng ◽  
L. Li ◽  
O. D. Jo ◽  
N. Yanagawa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Opossum Kidney ◽  
Ok Cells ◽  
Phosphate Deprivation

Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal metabolite that blocks the transport processes between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In the present study, we have tested the effect of BFA on phosphate transport in a kidney epithelial cell line, opossum kidney (OK) cells. Electron microscopy showed that exposure of OK cells to BFA caused a rapid and reversible disorganization of Golgi apparatus. Addition of BFA also caused a time (2-8 h)- and dose (1-10 micrograms/ml)-dependent inhibition of Na(+)-dependent cell phosphate uptake. The inhibition of cell phosphate uptake by BFA was reversible and was associated with a decrease in the maximum velocity of phosphate transport. Both the inhibition and the stimulation of cell phosphate uptake by parathyroid hormone and insulin, respectively, were not affected by BFA. BFA at 1 microgram/ml concentration did not affect protein synthesis as determined by [3H]leucine incorporation but diminished the adaptive increase in cell phosphate uptake in response to 2 or 8 h of incubation in nominally phosphate-free medium. On the other hand, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (5 microM) abolished the adaptive increase in cell phosphate uptake in response to 8 but not 2 h of incubation in nominally phosphate-free medium, indicating the existence of an early response to phosphate deprivation, which does not require new protein synthesis but is sensitive to the effect of BFA. In summary, results of these studies show that, in OK cells, BFA inhibits phosphate uptake and curtails the adaptive response to phosphate deprivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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