Heather D. Gibson (Ed.), Economic Transformation, Democratization and Integration into the European Union: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-775
Author(s):  
Richard S. Eckaus
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals The problematic scope of extended confiscation in comparative perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Ariadna H. Ochnio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Proceeds Of Crime

The scope of extended confiscation is determined, inter alia, by the choice of triggering offences in Directive 2014/42/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime in the European Union. The question arises whether EU law guarantees appropriate limits of extended confiscation considering its specificity and the growing range of application in national legal orders. The study compared the normative framework of extended confiscation adopted in the criminal law of Poland, Romania, Germany, Austria, France, Spain, Finland, the Netherlands, and England and Wales. The list of offences, relevant for the scope of extended confiscation, is to be assessed by the Commission by 4 October 2019. The conclusions of the study concern the need to introduce, at the level of EU law, adequate safeguards against the disproportionate application of extended confiscation.

Judicial Reform in Comparative Perspective: Assessing the Prospects for Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Beers
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Informal Practices

Daniel Beers looks at the experience of judicial reform across the post-communist cases, and gleans several lessons. Among the most important is that “institutional solutions have important limitations as drivers of the reform process.” Not only do informal practices sometimes negate the effects of institutional reforms, but when they do, the entire concept of judicial reform is undermined by cynicism. Moreover, highly autonomous courts can be as hazardous as dependent ones, because they can become targets of politicians jealous of their authority. Beers finds two important sources of meaningful reform. First, the European Union has played a widely acknowledged role in judicial reform in the post-communist region. More surprisingly, Beers finds a strong positive role for low-level actors—individuals and firms who turn to the courts to resolve disputes and court employees committed to improvement.

scholarly journals Multicriterion Typology of Agriculture: A Spatial Dependence Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benicjusz Głębocki ◽  
Ewa Kacprzak ◽  
Tomasz Kossowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Second World

Abstract At the turn of the 21st century Polish agriculture intensively changed as the consequence of: 1) the socio-economic transformation that started in 1989, 2) the general transition from a centrally-planned economy to a market economy and 3) Poland’s accession in 2004 to the European Union. In this paper, we try to describe, in a synthetic way, the spatial heterogeneity of development of agriculture in Poland. For this purpose we identified the types of contemporary Polish agriculture. We applied the measures of global (Moran 1950) and local (LISA) spatial autocorrelation devised by L. Anselin (1995) and used their calculations in classification methods. Our dataset consists of 69 variables and 3,069 spatial units at the LAU2 level. As the result of the analysis we identified 20 types of agriculture in Poland and presented their characteristic features. We have paid particular attention to a spatial distribution of identified types. We concluded that the distribution is not only a result of natural or socio-economic conditions and local spatial relationships, but also to a greater extent is still affected by historical conditions (mainly partitions and changes of borders after the First and Second World Wars).

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of PM<sub>1</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> during Saharan dust episodes in Athens, Greece

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Grigoropoulos ◽  
P. T. Nastos ◽  
G. Ferentinos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Dust Events

Abstract. The objective of this study is to present and analyse the spatial distribution of PM1 (particulate matter with diameter less than 1 μm) and PM10 (particulate matter with diameter less than 10 μm) within the greater area of Athens (GAA), Greece, during two extreme Saharan dust episodes in 2006 and 2008. Two portable detectors, based on light scattering method, were used to record the particulate matter concentrations. The samples were collected in the same morning hour of the day which coincided with the peak of vehicles traffic. We analysed the recorded data on normal days and on days with extreme Saharan dust events in order to find out the exceedances of the particulate matter concentrations. Using Kriging method, the spatial patterns of PM1 and PM10 concentrations were constructed for GAA. It is already known that particulate matter represent the main hazard in cardiovascular and respiratory syndromes within the most polluted cities of Europe, which confront high traffic problems, amplified by Saharan dust episodes, which are frequent especially in the Southern Europe, during spring time. The results of the performed analysis showed that during these episodes, PM concentrations over exceed the thresholds set by the European Union, exacerbating the human health in Athens.

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