Subchronic Nasal Toxicity of Hexamethylphosphoramide Administered to Rats Orally for 90 Days

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Keller
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Toxicity

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of carboxylesterase in the nasal mucosa of rats.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Olson ◽  
J L Martin ◽  
A C LaRosa ◽  
A N Brady ◽  
L R Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Dimethyl Adipate ◽  
Nasal Toxicity ◽  
Industrial Solvents

The enzymatic esterase activity of carboxylesterases is integral to the nasal toxicity of many esters used as industrial solvents or in polymer manufacture, including propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate, and ethyl acrylate. Inhalation of these chemicals specifically damages the olfactory mucosa of rodents. We report the localization and differential distribution of a 59 KD carboxylesterase in nasal tissues of the rat by immunohistochemistry. Rabbit antiserum against the 59 KD rat liver microsomal carboxylesterase bound most prominently to the olfactory mucosa when applied to decalcified, paraffin-embedded sections of rat nasal turbinates. Within the olfactory mucosa, anti-carboxylesterase did not bind to sensory neurons, the target cell for ester-initiated toxicity; these cells apparently lack carboxylesterase. Instead, the antibody was preferentially bound by cells of Bowman's glands and sustentacular epithelial cells which are immediately adjacent to the olfactory nerve cells. In contrast, non-olfactory tissues (respiratory mucosa and squamous epithelium), which are more resistant to the toxicity of esters, had less carboxylesterase content. The distribution of immunoreactivity correlated well with the distribution of carboxylesterase catalytic activity described elsewhere. These findings help to link the metabolic fate of inhaled esters to the site-specific pathological findings that follow exposure to such chemicals.

Nasal Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Riechelmann ◽  
Tom Deutschle ◽  
Anja Stuhlmiller ◽  
Silke Gronau ◽  
Harald Bürner
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Nasal Toxicity

Lamotrigine encapsulated intra-nasal nanoliposome formulation for epilepsy treatment: Formulation design, characterization and nasal toxicity study

2019 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshiya Praveen ◽  
Mohd. Aqil ◽  
Syed Sarim Imam ◽  
Abdul Ahad ◽  
Thasleem Moolakkadath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Formulation Design ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment ◽  
Nasal Toxicity

Formulation of polymeric nanoparticles of antidepressant drug for intranasal delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parva Jani ◽  
Jigar Vanza ◽  
Nilima Pandya ◽  
Hemal Tandel
Keyword(s):  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Nanoprecipitation Method ◽  
Nasal Toxicity

Aim: The manuscript describes the performance of nanoparticles loaded with antidepressant drug for nose-to-brain drug delivery. Materials & methods: Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid-loaded nanoparticles of agomelatine were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using poloxamer 407 as stabilizer. The process parameters were optimized using factorial design. Results: The drug-loaded nanoparticles having low particle size (<200 nm) with narrow size distribution and required zeta potential (-22.7 mV) to avoid aggregation showed sustained release profile and were found to have higher permeability as observed from ex vivo studies when compared with plain drug suspension. Histopathology test showed that the optimized formulation was free from nasal toxicity on the goat nasal mucosa. Pharmacodynamic study showed significant reduction in immobility time in rats treated with the formulation which indicated antidepressant activity of the formulation. Conclusion: The prepared agomelatin-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles showed prominent antidepressant activity by nose-to-brain delivery as observed from various studies.

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