The Black Fly Simulium vittatum Trypsin Gene: Characterization of the 5′-Upstream Region and Induction by the Blood Meal

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Xiong ◽  
M. Jacobslorena
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Gene Characterization ◽  
Simulium Vittatum

Ecological characterization of two sibling species, IIIL-1 and IS-7, in the Simulium vittatum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1308-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Adler ◽  
Ke Chung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Simulium Decorum

Larval polytene chromosomes provided the identification tool that enabled ecological characterization of two black fly sibling species, IIIL-1 and IS-7, in the Simulium vittatum complex. A 4-year study in the eastern United States demonstrated important differences between the two siblings, based primarily on differential occupancy of the stream continuum. Immatures of the IIIL-1 sibling predominated below nonspring-fed reservoirs, downstream of sewage effluent outflows, and in warm downstream areas. Immatures of the IS-7 sibling occurred, with IIIL-1, in cool well-oxygenated flows generally associated with groundwater discharge. These sibling–habitat relations produced sibling gradients along the stream continuum. Over their geographic ranges, the IIIL-1 sibling became increasingly abundant from north to south, relative to IS-7. At mixed-sibling sites, populations were asynchronous; IS-7 generally predominated in early spring and late fall. The major determinants of sibling distributions were those factors affecting respiration: temperature, oxygen, and current. Species such as the black fly Simulium decorum and the midge Chironomus riparius signalled essentially pure populations of IIIL-1. Preimaginal densities of Glossosoma spp. (Trichoptera) also indicated sibling proportions. IIIL-1 and IS-7 shared all pathogens. At mixed-sibling sites, proportionally more larvae of IIIL-1 occurred on rocks than on grasses. Regardless of sibling, larvae on rocks were darker than those on grasses, which suggested differences in the proportion of ingested materials.

ECOLOGY OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) OF THE SOURIS RIVER, MANITOBA AS A BASIS FOR CONTROL STRATEGY

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Westwood ◽  
R. A. Brust
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Simulium Decorum ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Wire Cage

AbstractTen species of black flies were collected from the Souris River, Manitoba between April 1977 and October 1978. Adults of Simulium luggeri Nicholson and Mickel, Simulium meridionale Riley, Simulium venustum Say, Simulium verecundum Stone and Jamnback, and Simulium johannseni johannseni (Hart) were collected feeding on livestock and humans, and are well known pest species. Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt was the most abundant species, but was not a pest on man or domestic animals. Simulium tuberosum (Lundström) and Simulium johannseni duplex Shewell and Fredeen were the least abundant species. Simulium j. johannseni, S. j. duplex, S. venustum, S. verecundum, S. tuberosum, and Cnephia dacotensis (Dyar and Shannon) appeared to be univoltine species while S. luggeri, S. meridionale, Simulium decorum Walker, and S. vittatum were multivoltine in the Souris River.An evaluation of cone, plate, rope, and wire cage sampling devices for black fly larvae and pupae indicated that cone samplers provided a more representative sample for population assessment.In a black fly control program, of the Souris River, Manitoba two separate larvicide treatments in spring may be necessary. In the case of two treatments, the first should be aimed at late instar larvae of S. j. johannseni, S. venustum, and S. verecundum. Since the majority of S. luggeri and S. meridionale would be in the egg stage at this time, a second treatment, 10–14 days later, would be necessary to control late instar larvae of these species.

scholarly journals Identification of Communal Oviposition Pheromones from the Black Fly Simulium vittatum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0118904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy W. McGaha ◽  
Ryan M. Young ◽  
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena ◽  
Joseph P. Iburg ◽  
Jeremy M. Beau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Fly ◽  
Simulium Vittatum

Analyses of cDNA and recombinant protein for a potent vasoactive protein in saliva of a blood-feeding black fly, Simulium vittatum.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 1553-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Cupp ◽  
J M Ribeiro ◽  
D E Champagne ◽  
E W Cupp
Keyword(s):  
Expression System ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Baculovirus Expression System ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Biological Potency

A cDNA was cloned from the salivary glands of a blood-feeding black fly Simulium vittatum. The encoded protein has been given the name Simulium vittatum erythema protein or SVEP, because of its ability to increase blood perfusion in skin capillaries, resulting in the well-characterized erythema of black fly bites. The full-length cDNA contains 548 base pairs which encode 152 amino acid residues of the nascent protein. Post-translational processing produces a mature, secreted protein of 133 residues with a molecular mass of 15.4 kDa. Recombinant SVEP (rSVEP) was produced in a baculovirus expression system and purified by a one-step reversed-phase HPLC procedure. Analyses of physical properties and biological potency demonstrated fidelity of rSVEP to the native protein. Recombinant SVEP relaxed rabbit aorta preparations when preconstricted with 2 micromol l-1 phenylephrine or 25 mmol l-1 K+ but not with 60 mmol l-1 K+. Further, the rSVEP-induced relaxation response of phenylephrine-constricted aorta was inhibited by glibenclamide (10 micromol l-1), suggesting that at least part of its action to relax smooth muscle may result from the opening of ATP-dependent K+ channels. SVEP is a novel salivary-gland-derived vasoactive protein that may be essential for blood feeding by black flies and could potentially enhance transmission of filarial parasites.

Functional Characterization of the 5′-upstream Region of MTT5 Metallothionein Gene from Tetrahymena thermophila

Protist ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Formigari ◽  
Francesco Boldrin ◽  
Gianfranco Santovito ◽  
Donna Cassidy-Hanley ◽  
Theodore G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Metallothionein Gene
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document