Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): Life History and Potential for Biological Control in Central and South America

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Albuquerque ◽  
C.A. Tauber ◽  
M.J. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
South America

Assessment of the suitablity of Plagihammus spinipennis (Thoms.) (Col., Cerambycidae) as an agent for control of weeds of the genus Lantana (Verbenaceae). I. Life-history and capacity to damage L. camara in Hawaii

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. S. Harley
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
South America ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
One Year

Plagiohammus spinipennis (Thorns.), a native of areas of Central and South America where rainfall exceeds 50 in. per annum, has been imported into Hawaii and Australia for the control of Lantana camara. The larvae girdle a stem of the host-plant and then tunnel extensively in the xylem tissues. In Hawaii multiple infestation of stems over 0-5 in. in thickness was found to be usual. Most attacks were within 25 in. of the ground and stems were killed or so severely weakened that they readily broke off, reducing tall plants to mutilated stumps eventually bearing small regrowth shoots. The life-cycle normally lasts one year.An annual rainfall of at least 50 in. appears to be necessary for the development of large populations, and the amount that falls before and during the oviposition period influences larval survival. It is concluded that the insect should be very useful as a biological control agent for L. camara.

Potential displacement of the native Tenuisvalvae notata by the invasive Cryptolaemus montrouzieri in South America suggested by differences in climate suitability

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Larissa F. Ferreira ◽  
Christian S. A. Silva-Torres ◽  
Jorge B. Torres ◽  
Robert C. Venette
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
South America ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Ecoclimatic Index ◽  
Climate Suitability

Abstract Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant) (Coccinellidae) is a predatory ladybird beetle native to South America. It specializes in mealybugs prey (Pseudococcidae), but relatively little is known about its ecology. In contrast, the ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coccinellidae) is indigenous to Australia and has been introduced to many countries worldwide including Brazil for biological control of mealybugs. The potential impacts of these introductions to native coccinellids have rarely been considered. The software CLIMEX estimated the climate suitability for both species as reflected in the Ecoclimatic Index (EI). Much of South America, Africa, and Australia can be considered climatically suitable for both species, but in most cases, the climate is considerably more favorable for C. montrouzieri than T. notata, especially in South America. The CLIMEX model also suggests seasonal differences in growth conditions (e.g. rainfall and temperature) that could affect the phenology of both species. These models suggest that few locations in South America would be expected to provide T. notata climatic refugia from C. montrouzieri. Although other ecological factors will also be important, such as prey availability, this analysis suggests a strong potential for displacement of a native coccinellid throughout most of its range as a consequence of the invasion by an alien competitor.

The Collection Of the Cactus Weevil, Cactophagus spinolae (Gylh.), in Mexico and its Dispatch to South Africa

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendell F. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Made In

Collections of Cactophagus spinolae (Gylh.) were made in Mexico in 1946, 1947, and 1948 to supplement the biological control of prickly pear (Opuntia spp.) in South Africa. During these three years, 862, 1,396, and 15,584 adults, respectively, were dispatched to South Africa. The weevils were sent by air express in specially designed containers, and arrived in excellent condition.This paper includes information on the distribution, life history and food preferences of C. spinolae. The need is stressed for anticipating the effects of transit conditions upon living insect material transported by aircraft.

Sexual size dimorphism and life history traits in an island-mainland system: an overview of the lizard genus Microlophus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ken S. Toyama ◽  
Christopher K. Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
South America ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Rensch's Rule ◽  
Comprehensive Compilation

Abstract Opposing life history strategies are a common result of the different ecological settings experienced by insular and continental species. Here we present a comprehensive compilation of data on sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and life history traits of Microlophus, a genus of lizards distributed in western South America and the Galápagos Islands, and test for differences between insular and continental species under life history theory expectations. Contrary to our predictions, we found no differences in SSD between localities or evidence that Microlophus follows Rensch’s rule. However, as expected, head dimensions and maturity sizes were significantly larger in insular species while continental species had larger clutches. Our results show that Microlophus exhibits some of the patterns expected from an island-mainland system, but unexplained patterns will only be resolved through future ecological, morphological and behavioural studies integrating both faunas.

Manipulation of Agricultural Habitats to Improve Conservation Biological Control in South America

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peñalver-Cruz ◽  
J. K. Alvarez-Baca ◽  
A. Alfaro-Tapia ◽  
L. Gontijo ◽  
B. Lavandero
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
South America ◽  
Conservation Biological Control
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document