That's an Oddly Specific Number

Wilmott ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (116) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Rolf Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Specific Number

Comparison of three methodologies for optimization of the layout of in-core detectors with a specific number of detectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhuai Li ◽  
Peng Ding ◽  
Chengjie Duan ◽  
Dawei Cui ◽  
RuoXiang Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Number

scholarly journals Mixing journal, article, and author citations, and other pitfalls in the bibliographic impact factor

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1847-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Porta ◽  
José L. Copete ◽  
Esteve Fernandez ◽  
Joan Alguacil ◽  
Janeth Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Biomedical Journals ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Individual Article ◽  
Author Citations ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Specific Number

News of the death of biomedical journals seem premature. Revamped traditional scientific journals remain highly valued sources and vehicles of information, critical debate, and knowledge. Some analyses seem to place a disproportionate emphasis on technological and formal issues, as compared to the importance ascribed to matters of power. Not all journals must necessarily have a large circulation. There are many examples of efficient, high-quality journals with a great impact on relatively small audiences for whom the journal is thought-provoking, useful, and pleasant to read. How can we achieve a better understanding of an article’s spectrum of impacts? A certain mixing of three distinct entities (journals, articles, and authors) has often pervaded judgments. Data used by the Institute for Scientific Information present weaknesses in their accuracy. The two-year limit for citations to count towards the bibliographic impact factor favors "fast-moving", "basic" biomedical disciplines and is less appropriate for public health studies. Increasing attention is given to the specific number of citations received by each individual article. It is possible to make progress towards more valid, accurate, fair, and relevant assessments.

scholarly journals Longer distance cycling for interspecies mobility justice in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Scott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Number

This article explores how longer distance cycling can advance interspecies mobility justice, a theory of (im)mobilities and justice that includes other-than-human persons and habitats as worthy of our positive moral obligations. I argue that longer distance cycling can advance interspecies mobility justice by promoting socially inclusive and ecologically good cycling practices that redress the active travel poverty of marginalized and colonized populations, while replacing rather than augmenting auto roads with active travel routes that help humans respect other species. The article theorizes longer distance cycling not as some specific number of kilometres, but rather as the social production of cycling space across gentrified central cities, struggling inner suburbs, outer exurbs and rural countrysides. To explore this argument my analysis focuses on Canada, an extreme context for longer distance cycling. I offer a comparison of two case studies, situated on the country’s west and east coasts, Vancouver, British Columbia and Halifax, Nova Scotia, drawing on an ongoing ethnographic study of cycling practices and politics in Canada.  

scholarly journals Efficiency of road tax in the tax system of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Andrlík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Number

The paper deals with the efficiency of road tax in the tax system of the Czech Republic, focusing on the administrative costs of taxation on the timeline 2005 to 2009. It contains a theoretical definition of tax efficiency, and describes the types of costs connected with taxes. From this perspective it focuses on quantifying the direct administrative costs of road tax. Direct measurement of administrative costs is done by using the method called the method of recounted worker which classifies employees of local tax authorities in separate groups and assigns each group a specific number of employees for each reference road tax using the conversion factors. Then it defines the total expenditure of local tax authorities using the coefficients for a particular monitored tax and it provides administrative costs as a percentage of road tax receipts. It can be said from obtained results that direct administrative costs of road taxes are higher, especially if the Ministry of Finance (2004) states that the average direct administrative costs of the tax system in the Czech Republic reach about 2 %. The results achieved in individual surveyed years are for road tax in relation to the reported average value of direct administrative costs of the tax system in the Czech Republic, increased on average by about 1.96 percentage point. Finally, the results of measurements indicating the proposed amendment are discussed.

Stage-specific tissue and cell interactions play key roles in mouse germ cell specification

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
T. Yoshimizu ◽  
M. Obinata ◽  
Y. Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Germ Cell Specification ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Specific Number ◽  
Embryonic Ectoderm

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in mice have been recognized histologically as alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity-positive cells at 7.2 days post coitum (dpc) in the extra-embryonic mesoderm. However, mechanisms regulating PGC formation are unknown, and an appropriate in vitro system to study the mechanisms has not been established. Therefore, we have developed a primary culture of explanted embryos at pre- and early-streak stages, and have studied roles of cell and/or tissue interactions in PGC formation. The emergence of PGCs from 5.5 dpc epiblasts was observed only when they were co-cultured with extra-embryonic ectoderm, which may induce the conditions required for PGC formation within epiblasts. From 6.0 dpc onwards, PGCs emerged from whole epiblasts as did a fragment of proximal epiblast that corresponds to the area containing presumptive PGC precursors without neighboring extra-embryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm. Dissociated epiblasts at these stages, however, did not give rise to PGCs, indicating that interactions among a cluster of a specific number of proximal epiblast cells is needed for PGC differentiation. In contrast, we observed that dissociated epiblast cells from a 6.5-b (6.5+15-16 hours) to 6.75 dpc embryo that had undergone gastrulation gave rise to PGCs. Our results demonstrate that stage-dependent tissue and cell interactions play key roles in PGC determination.

General Correlation of Building Energy Use Via Hybrid Genetic Programming/Genetic Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed I. Bourisli ◽  
Mohammed A. Altarakma ◽  
Adnan A. AlAnzi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Hybrid Algorithm ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Simulation Engine ◽  
Building Energy Use ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Specific Number

A hybrid algorithm that combines genetic programming (GP) and genetic algorithms (GAs) that deduce a closed-form correlation of building energy use is presented. Throughout the evolution, the terms, functions, and form of the correlation are evolved via the genetic program. Whenever the fitness of the best correlation stagnates for a specific number of GP generations, the GA optimizes the real-valued coefficients of each correlation in the population. When the GA, in turn, stagnates, correlations with optimized coefficients and powers are passed back to the GP for further search. The hybrid algorithm is applied to the problem of predicting energy use of a U-shape building. More than 800 buildings with various foot-print areas, relative compactness (RC), window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and projection factor (PF) values were simulated using the VisualDOETM energy simulation engine. The algorithm tries to minimize the difference between simulated and predicted values by maximizing the R2 value. The algorithm was able to arrive at a closed-form correlation that combines the four building parameters, accurate to within 4%. The methodology can be easily used to model any type of data behavior in any engineering or nonengineering application.

Yield response of narrow-leafed lupin plants to variations in pod number

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
C. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Specific Number ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effect of pod number on the seed yield and components of seed yield was examined for narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grown at a plant density of 36 plants/m2 in both the glasshouse and the field. Diflerent numbers of pods per plant in the glasshouse-grown lupin were generated by the application of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to a specific number of flowers to ensure artificially that they set pods, and the subsequent removal of the remaining untreated flowers. Pod number ranged from 6 to 65 pods/plant in the glasshouse and was naturally distributed from 2 to 22 pods/plant in the field. Increases in seed yield per plant occurred as pod number per plant increased from 2 to 30 pods. No further increases in seed yield resulted when pod number per plant increased from 30 to 55 pods. Seed yield per plant was depressed as pod number increased from 55 to 65 pods. Seed size fell as pod number per plant increased over 20 pods and was less affected once the number of seeds per pod was reduced. The reduction in seed number per pod resulted from an increase in the number of seeds that aborted during seed filling. The data suggest that at a plant density of 36 plants/m2 there is potential for improving seed yield per plant by increasing the number of pods that reach maturity, provided it does not exceed 30 pods/plant. However, if consideration is given to producing large seeds, often preferred by buyers, the number of pods per plant should not exceed 20 pods.

The Periodic Impact Responses of Human-Body in a Vehicle Traveling on the Rough Terrain

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Yu ◽  
Albert C. J. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Rough Terrain ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Vehicle Chassis ◽  
Specific Number ◽  
Impact Motion

The human-body in a vehicle traveling on the rough terrain is modeled through the lumped mass approach and its periodic impact motions and stability are investigated through a linear model of vehicle and passenger systems. The linear model assumes the motion response of vehicle is very small compared to passenger’s rotational motion since the vehicle chassis has a very large mass and moment of inertia. The period-1 impact motion for two impacts respectively on two walls for a specific number of periods is predicted analytically and numerically. The stability and bifurcation of such a period-1 impact motion are developed analytically. The phase planes of the periodic impact motions are illustrated for a better understanding of the human-body impacting motion in the vehicle.

Quadruple Flow and Acoustic Coincident Resonance of Rotating Bladed Disks Interacting With Stationary Elements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Pulsation ◽  
Acoustic Mode ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Triple Coincidence ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Transverse Modes ◽  
Transverse Acoustic ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Specific Number

In recent years it has been discovered that besides non-uniform flow excitation such as from stator wakes; acoustic pressure pulsation can be a concern, especially for high pressure centrifugal compressor impellers. This has been termed “triple coincidence” and explains rare failures and likely a reason, at least partially, for some previous undocumented failures. Bladed disk interaction resonance discovered by the author in the mid 1970’s can be avoided such as for centrifugal impellers as needed, depending on vibratory mode involved, available damping, and potential excitation level. Especially for stages having vanes in the diffuser near impeller tips, concern for high cycle fatigue is very high as certain numbers of vanes combined with number of rotating blades can give correct phase to excite a highly responding mode. Intentional mistuning of disk-dominated modes has potential for reducing response. A similar but more complex interaction is with transverse acoustic modes having a specific number of nodal diameters. In this case acoustic gas modes in cavities at sides of impellers can match rotating acoustic pulsations at BPF (blade passing frequency) and/or harmonics, termed Tyler-Sofrin modes with increased noise. Also acoustic mode matching impeller structural mode can give the triple coincidence causing resonant response of the impeller. The concern for this coincidence is often difficult to evaluate. For some cases, calculations give enough evidence to modify number of vanes or blades to correct a possible cause of a fatigue failure. This coincidence can add to the direct response, e.g. from either upstream wakes or downstream diffuser vane interacting “potential flow” excitation, herein termed “quadruple coincidence resonance”. Dimensions of impeller side cavities are axisymmetric and are set by aerodynamics, so that outer and inner radii define transverse modes with small radial dimensional changes available. Often a minor aerodynamic performance compromise can be used to change designs to avoid serious resonances, e.g. revise numbers of vanes and/or blades, avoid the response of a matching diameter mode or have a different less responsive mode to alleviate concern. Besides turbomachinery e.g. compressors and pumps, some other methods as described could be utilized for any cavity that has diametrical mode shapes, or possibly other patterns for pressure pulsation frequencies. These modification(s), including patent-pending method, PCT/US2018/020880 described herein can alleviate if not eliminate concern for any mechanism having structural vibration excitation and/or environmental noise issues.

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