scholarly journals Bovine semen sexing: Sperm membrane proteomics as candidates for immunological selection of X‐ and Y‐chromosome‐bearing sperm

Author(s):  
Joana Quelhas ◽  
Joana Santiago ◽  
Bárbara Matos ◽  
António Rocha ◽  
Graça Lopes ◽  
...  
Andrologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. e12867
Author(s):  
T. G. Bergstein-Galan ◽  
L. C. Bicudo ◽  
L. Rodello ◽  
R. R. Weiss ◽  
S. D. Bicudo

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. R15-R30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Rath ◽  
S Barcikowski ◽  
S de Graaf ◽  
W Garrels ◽  
R Grossfeld ◽  
...  

Pre-selection of spermatozoa based on the relative DNA difference between X- and Y-chromosome bearing populations by flow cytometry is an established method that has been introduced into commercial cattle production. Although several important improvements have increased the sort efficiency, the fertilising ability of sexed spermatozoa based on offspring per insemination is still behind farmers' expectations. The main stress factors, especially on mitochondria, that reduce the lifespan of spermatozoa are described, and new technical as well as biological solutions to maintain the natural sperm integrity and to increase the sorting efficiency are discussed. Among these methods are the identification of Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa by bi-functionalised gold nanoparticles and triplex hybridisationin vivoas well as new laser-controlled deflection system that replaces the deflection of spermatozoa in the electrostatic field. Additionally, as well as a new nonsurgical transfer system of spermatozoa into the oviduct of cows has been developed and allows a significant reduction of spermatozoa per transfer. Altogether, the improvements made in the recent years will allow a broader use of sex-sorted spermatozoa even in those species that require more cells than cows and sheep.


2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Yasumitsu Nagao ◽  
Kenji Kuroiwa ◽  
Yoji Hakamata ◽  
Masaru Ichida ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-804
Author(s):  
Pinki Maheshwari ◽  
Gyanadutta Pradhan ◽  
Sunita kumari ◽  
Arvind Kumar

All parents have a dream of be getting the healthy, intellectual and beautiful progeny this is also evident from the reference of the word like “Suputrakameeya” in classics. Ayurveda describes simple methods to produce a healthy offspring and the planning of which starts from the selection of partners. Many factors mentioned in Ayurveda towards the study of development of foetus including fertilization and sex determination, Ayurveda considered two basic factors in the development of human beings i.e., Shukra and Shonita it represents the sperm and ovum in modern medical science and which are responsible for the fertilization. Nearly all Acharyas like Charaka and Sushruta have recognised the three different types of sexes viz. Puman (male), Stri (female) and Napunsaka (hermaphrodite). In these contexts, Charaka clearly stated that dominance of Shonita during conception resulting procreation of female child and dominance of Shukra (sperm) leads to male child. The sex of an individual is determined by the X and Y chromosome. But sex determination mainly depends on the Y chromosome. It has been seen the individuals with a Y chromosome develop male characteristics and individuals without a Y chromosome develop female characteristics. Keywords: Shukra, Shonita, Puman, Stri


Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
Curtis Strobeck

ABSTRACT A two locus model is constructed for selection of a gene closely linked to the S locus in pin-thrum plants or to the sex determining part of the Y chromosome. Using this model, conditions for stability at the equilibrium point which is predicted by one-locus theory when there is heterozygotic superiority are derived. If the recombination value is small, it is found that this equilibrium point is unstable and that the gene frequencies go to a new stable equilibrium point at which the population has a higher average fitness. A few simple cases of selection and the implication of these to the theory of the evolution of the Y chromosome are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.


1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.


1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
W. Nicholson

SummaryA routine has been developed for the processing of the 5820 plates of the survey. The plates are measured on the automatic measuring machine, GALAXY, and the measures are subsequently processed by computer, to edit and then refer them to the SAO catalogue. A start has been made on measuring the plates, but the final selection of stars to be made is still a matter for discussion.


Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.


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