scholarly journals Chitosan supplementation reduces oxidative stress in Leiothrix lutea in acute heat stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dai ◽  
Ming‐qiang Zhou ◽  
Yun‐qian He ◽  
Xi Peng ◽  
Shi‐bin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

scholarly journals Complex pleiotropic genetic architecture of evolved heat stress and oxidative stress resistance in the nematodeCaenorhabditis remanei

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine H O’Connor ◽  
Kristin L Sikkink ◽  
Thomas C Nelson ◽  
Janna L Fierst ◽  
William A Cresko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
General View ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThe adaptation of complex organisms to changing environments has been a central question in evolutionary quantitative genetics since its inception. The structure of the genotype–phenotype maps is critical because pleiotropic effects can generate widespread correlated responses to selection and potentially restrict the extent of evolutionary change. In this study, we use experimental evolution to dissect the genetic architecture of natural variation for acute heat stress and oxidative stress response in the nematode Caenorhabiditis remanei. Previous work in the classic model nematode Caenorhabiditis elegans has found that abiotic stress response is controlled by a handful of genes of major effect and that mutations in any one of these genes can have widespread pleiotropic effects on multiple stress response traits. Here, we find that acute heat stress response and acute oxidative response in C. remanei are polygenic, complex traits, with hundreds of genomic regions responding to selection. In contrast to expectation from mutation studies, we find that evolved acute heat stress and acute oxidative stress response for the most part display independent genetic bases. This lack of correlation is reflected at the levels of phenotype, gene expression, and in the genomic response to selection. Thus, while these findings support the general view that rapid adaptation can be generated by changes at hundreds to thousands of sites in the genome, the architecture of segregating variation is likely to be determined by the pleiotropic structure of the underlying genetic networks.

scholarly journals Distinctive in-planta acclimation responses to basal growth and acute heat stress were induced in Arabidopsis by cattle manure biochar

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Kumar ◽  
Haya Friedman ◽  
Ludmila Tsechansky ◽  
Ellen R. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Shock Proteins

AbstractIn-planta mechanisms of biochar (BC)-mediated improved growth were evaluated by examining oxidative stress, metabolic, and hormonal changes of Arabidopsis wild-type plants under basal or acute heat stress (–HS/ + HS) conditions with or without BC (+ BC/–BC). The oxidative stress was evaluated by using Arabidopsis expressing redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein in the plastids (pla-roGFP2). Fresh biomass and inflorescence height were greater in + BC(‒HS) plants than in the –BC(‒HS) plants, despite similar leaf nutrient levels, photosystem II (PSII) maximal efficiencies and similar oxidative poise. Endogenous levels of jasmonic and abscisic acids were higher in the + BC(‒HS) treatment, suggesting their role in growth improvement. HS in ‒BC plants caused reductions in inflorescence height and PSII maximum quantum yield, as well as significant oxidative stress symptoms manifested by increased lipid peroxidation, greater chloroplast redox poise (oxidized form of roGFP), increased expression of DNAJ heat shock proteins and Zn-finger genes, and reduced expression of glutathione-S-transferase gene in addition to higher abscisic acid and salicylic acid levels. Oxidative stress symptoms were significantly reduced by BC. Results suggest that growth improvements by BC occurring under basal and HS conditions are induced by acclimation mechanisms to ‘microstresses’ associated with basal growth and to oxidative stress of HS, respectively.

262 EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT IN BOS TAURUS TAURUS BULLS UNDER HEAT STRESS AND SUPPLEMENTED WITH POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
E. Gualtieri de Andrade Perez ◽  
J. Diego di Agostini Losano ◽  
A. Dalmazzo ◽  
M. Nichi ◽  
V. Hyppolito Barnabe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

One reason for lower fertility of European bulls in tropical regions is a higher rate of oxidative stress caused by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) not compensated by antioxidant protection. In that regard, sperm are extremely susceptible to oxidative stress due to a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their plasma membranes. However, the presence of these PUFA is fundamental for sperm to be fertile and resistant to cold shock. Thus, treatments that suppress oxidation may increase productivity of these animals. This study aimed to evaluate the most damaging ROS for European bulls subjected to heat stress and to determine a possible antioxidant-targeted treatment. In a second step, we sought to verify the efficiency of the interaction between a diet rich in PUFA and a targeted antioxidant treatment on the quality of ejaculated and epididymal sperm in European bulls subjected to testicular heat stress. Four Bos taurus bulls were subjected to scrotal insulation for 5 days, with semen collection (electroejaculation) 60 days after insulation. Semen from each bull was divided into 4 aliquots and subjected to 4 ROS-generating systems: superoxide anion (xanthine/xanthine oxidase), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical (ascorbate + ferrous sulfate), and malondialdehyde (MDA; lipid peroxidation product). Samples were incubated for 1 h and assessed by computerized sperm analysis (CASA); eosin/nigrosin (membrane integrity); fast-green/Bengal rose (acrosome integrity); 3,3′ diaminobenzidine (mitochondrial activity); sperm chromatin structure assay (DNA fragmentation); and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (lipid peroxidation). Overall, MDA had the most deleterious effects on semen quality of Bos taurus bulls subjected to acute heat stress. Thereafter, 16 bulls were subjected to testicular insulation and allocated into 4 groups: control (n = 4; given mineral oil; placebo); vitamin E (n = 4, given 5 mL of Monovin® every 13 days); PUFA (n = 4; given 4 kg day–1 Megalac®); and PUFA+vitamin E (n = 4; combination of PUFA and vitamin E treatment groups). Semen was collected on the day of installation of the insulation, on the day it was removed, and 30 and 60 days later. Overall, vitamin E reduced heat stress-induced damage to sperm DNA and mitochondria, but only in samples collected from the epididymis. Similarly, the combination of vitamin E and PUFA supplementation improved sperm motility patterns. Therefore, a combined antioxidant treatment (vitamin E and PUFA) may reduce damage to sperm caused by acute heat stress in European bulls. However, this treatment may be more effective if instituted before heat stress.

scholarly journals Complex pleiotropic genetic architecture of evolved heat stress and oxidative stress resistance in the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine H. O’Connor ◽  
Kristin L. Sikkink ◽  
Thomas C. Nelson ◽  
Janna L. Fierst ◽  
William A. Cresko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
General View ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACTThe adaptation of complex organisms to changing environments has been a central question in evolutionary quantitative genetics since its inception. The structure of the genotype-phenotype maps is critical because pleiotropic effects can generate widespread correlated responses to selection and potentially restrict the extent of evolutionary change. In this study we use experimental evolution to dissect the genetic architecture of natural variation for acute heat stress and oxidative stress response in the nematode Caenorhabiditis remanei. Previous work in the classic model nematode C. elegans has found that abiotic stress response is controlled by a handful of genes of major effect and that mutations in any one of these genes can have widespread pleiotropic effects on multiple stress response traits. Here, we find that acute heat stress response and acute oxidative response in C. remanei are polygenic, complex traits, with hundreds of genomic regions responding to selection. In contrast to expectation from mutation studies, we find that evolved acute heat stress and acute oxidative stress response for the most part display independent genetic bases. This lack of correlation is reflected at the levels of phenotype, gene expression, and in the genomic response to selection. Thus, while these findings support the general view that rapid adaptation can be generated by changes at hundreds to thousands of sites in the genome, the architecture of segregating variation is likely to be strongly parcellated by the pleiotropic structure of the underlying genetic networks.

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