After Year Hiatus Due to COVID‐19, Volunteer Returns to Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Erin Sandage
Keyword(s):  
1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 44???49
Author(s):  
Shirley Williams
Keyword(s):  

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Keane

I survey the male and female labor supply literatures, focusing on implications for effects of wages and taxes. For males, I describe and contrast results from three basic types of model: static models (especially those that account for nonlinear taxes), life-cycle models with savings, and life-cycle models with both savings and human capital. For women, more important distinctions are whether models include fixed costs of work, and whether they treat demographics like fertility and marriage (and human capital) as exogenous or endogenous. The literature is characterized by considerable controversy over the responsiveness of labor supply to changes in wages and taxes. At least for males, it is fair to say that most economists believe labor supply elasticities are small. But a sizable minority of studies that I examine obtain large values. Hence, there is no clear consensus on this point. In fact, a simple average of Hicks elasticities across all the studies I examine is 0.31. Several simulation studies have shown that such a value is large enough to generate large efficiency costs of income taxation. For males, I conclude that two factors drive many of the differences in results across studies. One factor is use of direct versus ratio wage measures, with studies that use the former tending to find larger elasticities. Another factor is the failure of most studies to account for human capital returns to work experience. I argue that this may lead to downward bias in elasticity estimates. In a model that includes human capital, I show how even modest elasticities—as conventionally measured—can be consistent with large efficiency costs of taxation. For women, in contrast, it is fair to say that most studies find large labor supply elasticities, especially on the participation margin. In particular, I find that estimates of “long-run” labor supply elasticities—by which I mean estimates that allow for dynamic effects of wages on fertility, marriage, education and work experience—are generally quite large. (JEL D91, J13, J16, J22, J31, H24)


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORETTA G. PLATTS ◽  
LAURIE M. CORNA ◽  
DIANA WORTS ◽  
PEGGY MCDONOUGH ◽  
DEBORA PRICE ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTDespite the complexity of the retirement process, most research treats it as an abrupt and one-way transition. Our study takes a different approach by examining retirement reversals (unretirement) and their predictors. Using the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008), and following participants into Understanding Society (2010–2015), we undertake a survival analysis to investigate retirement reversals among Britons aged 50–69 years who were born in 1920–1959 (N = 2,046). Unretirement was defined as: (a) reporting being retired and subsequently recommencing paid employment, or (b) beginning full-time work following partial retirement (the latter defined here as reporting being retired and working fewer than 30 hours per week). A cumulative proportion of around 25 per cent of participants experienced a retirement reversal after reporting being retired; about half of these reversals occurred within the first five years of retirement. Unretirement was more common for participants who were male, more educated, in better health, owned a house with a mortgage (compared to owning it outright) and whose partner was in paid work. However, unretirement rates were not higher for participants in greater financial need, whether measured as subjective assessment of finances or household income quintiles. These results suggest that unretirement is a strategy more often used by those who are already advantaged and that it has the potential to exacerbate income inequalities in later life.


2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2255-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie White-Williams ◽  
Anne Jalowiec ◽  
Kathleen Grady

Nature ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 404 (6775) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Natasha Loder
Keyword(s):  

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S105
Author(s):  
G. F. Cromes ◽  
R. Holavanahalli ◽  
P. Helm ◽  
K. Kowalske

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. M. Roelen ◽  
G. Norder ◽  
P. C. Koopmans ◽  
W. van Rhenen ◽  
J. J. L. van der Klink ◽  
...  

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