scholarly journals Performance of different fetal growth charts in prediction of large‐for‐gestational age and associated neonatal morbidity in multiethnic obese population

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Verger ◽  
A. A. Moraitis ◽  
L. Barnfield ◽  
U. Sovio ◽  
J. E. A. K. Bamfo
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Obese Population

scholarly journals Performance of Intergrowth 21st Growth Charts in the Diagnosis of Small and Large for Gestational Age in Term and Preterm Newborns

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Bárbara Marques ◽  
Rosa Martins ◽  
Teresa Rodrigues ◽  
Graça Oliveira ◽  
Margarida Abrantes
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Introduction: Birth weight is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with chronic diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the use of Intergrowth 21st instead of the Fenton & Kim 2013 growth charts in the diagnosis of small and large for gestational age in a group of Portuguese newborns.Material and Methods: We conducted an analytical and retrospective study to evaluate birth weight of term and preterm newborns using both growth charts. Groups studied: ‘Term-weeks’ and ‘Term-days’ (term newborns with gestational age in weeks and days, respectively), ‘Preterm-weeks’ and ‘Preterm-days’ (preterm newborns with gestational age in weeks and days, respectively).Results: A total of 14 056 newborns were included, 6% preterm. Using the Intergrowth 21st growth charts, the groups ‘Term-weeks’ (n = 12 081), ‘Term-days’ (n = 1118), ‘Preterm-weeks’ (n = 617) and ‘Preterm-days’ (n = 240), classified as small for gestational age according to the Fenton & Kim 2013 growth charts were adequate for gestational age in 52.8%, 57.8%, 37.7% and 9.3% respectively; and 9.2%, 9.2%, 5.9% and 0.6% of adequate for gestational age newborns were large for gestational age, respectively. In the ‘Pretermdays’ group, 7.9% of adequate for gestational age newborns were small for gestational age and 22.2% of large for gestational age newborns were adequate for gestational age, all with gestational age below 231 days.Discussion: The use of the Intergrowth 21st growth charts in this sample resulted in a lower number of newborns being classified as small for gestational age, except in very preterm newborns.Conclusion: Considering the results obtained, we suggest that Portuguese maternity hospitals use the Intergrowth 21st instead of the Fenton & Kim 2013 growth charts. However, more studies are needed to confirm these results.

Effects of vitrification and the superovulated environment on placental function and fetal growth in an IVF mouse model

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-635
Author(s):  
C Roeca ◽  
E Silva ◽  
C Barentsen ◽  
T L Powell ◽  
T Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Embryonic Viability ◽  
Human Ivf

Abstract In studies of human IVF, as compared to frozen embryo transfer (ET), fresh ET is associated with smaller infants and higher risk of small for gestational age infants. Recent observations suggest that ET using vitrified embryos is associated with higher pregnancy and live birth rates compared to fresh ET, but increased rates of large for gestational age infants. The mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown, and available evidence suggests that the influence of IVF, vitrification and the superovulated (SO) uterine environment on placental function and fetal growth is complex. This warrants further investigation given the prevalent practice in human IVF of both fresh ET into a SO uterine environment, and vitrification with ET into a more physiologic uterine environment. Using a mouse model that closely resembles human IVF, we investigated if vitrification of IVF embryos better preserves placental function and results in better pregnancy outcomes as compared to fresh ET because of transfer into a more physiologic endometrium. We found that the SO environment, independent of vitrification status, reduced implantation rates, inhibited placental mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling and induced placental stress signaling, resulting in fetal growth restriction (1.080 ± 0.05 g estrous fresh (n = 17 litters), 1.176 ± 0.05 g estrous vitrified (n = 12), 0.771 ± 0.06 g SO fresh (n = 15), 0.895 ± 0.08 g SO vitrified (n = 10), P < 0.0001). In addition, our study suggests that vitrification impairs the developmental potential of IVF blastocysts that resulted in a significantly smaller litter size (2.6 ± 2.3 fresh estrous vs 2.5 ± 2.4 fresh SO vs 1.6 ± 1.7 estrous vitrified vs 1.7 ± 1.8 SO vitrified, P = 0.019), with no effect on fetal growth or placental function at term. Our findings suggest that vitrification may negatively impact early embryonic viability, while the SO maternal uterine environment impairs both placental development and fetal growth in IVF.

scholarly journals Differential Changes in Akt and AMPK Phosphorylation Regulating mTOR Activity in the Placentas of Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Large-For-Gestational Age Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Ho Hung ◽  
Chung-Pu Wu ◽  
Szu-Fu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Mtor Phosphorylation ◽  
Mtor Activity

Background: Dysregulation of placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of pregnancies complicated by idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Methods: We obtained placentas from women with normal pregnancies (n = 11) and pregnancies complicated by FGR (n = 12) or GDM with LGA infants (n = 12) to compare the levels of total and phosphorylated forms of Akt, AMPK, TSC2, and mTOR among the three groups and used primary cytotrophoblast cells isolated from 30 normal term placentas to study the effects of oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and increasing glucose concentrations on the changes of these factors in vitro.Results: Placentas from FGR pregnancies had lower phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) levels (P < 0.05), higher p-AMPKα levels (P < 0.01), and lower mTOR phosphorylation (P < 0.05) compared to that of normal pregnant women. Conversely, women with GDM and LGA infants had higher p-Akt (P < 0.001), lower p-AMPKα (P < 0.05), and higher p-mTOR levels (P < 0.05) in the placentas than normal pregnant women. Furthermore, primary cytotrophoblast cells subjected to OGD had lower p-Akt and p-mTOR (both P < 0.05) and higher p-AMPKα levels (P < 0.05) than those cultured under standard conditions, but increasing glucose concentrations had opposite effects on the respective levels. Administering compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, did not significantly affect Akt phosphorylation but partially reversed mTOR phosphorylation. Administering LY294002, an Akt inhibitor, decreased p-mTOR levels, but did not change the levels of total and phosphorylated AMPKα.Conclusion: These results suggest that Akt and AMPK are involved in the regulation of trophoblast mTOR activity in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by FGR and GDM with LGA infants.

scholarly journals PREDICTION OF FETAL BIRTH WEIGHT BY JOHNSON'S FORMULA & ULTRASONOGRAPHY COMPARED WITH ACTUAL BIRTH WEIGHT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
K. Thamara Veni ◽  
Gadam Swathi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Birth Trauma ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Problems

INTRODUCTION Birth weight is the greatest single factor which determines the survival of the fetus and future health of neonate. It is an important factor for prediction of neonatal problems. Accurate estimation of fetal weight is of paramount importance in the management of labor and delivery. Fetal weight is also important in assessing whether the fetus is small for gestational age or large for gestational age in order to have a good obstetrical decision making and also to avoid the intra partum distress, birth trauma and thereby to reduce the neonatal morbidity and mortality1.

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