scholarly journals EP03.03: Gender related structural differences in the fetal brain measured by 3D ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
S. Pashaj ◽  
E. Merz
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Structural Differences

What is Known about Corpus Callosum Prenatally?

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Merz
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The corpus callosum is the main commissure of the fetal brain and can be displayed with two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) ultrasound. However, only 3D ultrasound provides the operator with the possibility to adjust the three orthogonal planes of the brain in that way that the entire corpus callosum is shown precisely in the median plane. The aim of this article is to provide the most recent information on the assessment of the fetal corpus callosum by means of 3D ultrasound. Different topics are highlighted, such as advantage of 3D ultrasound over 2D ultrasound, indications for displaying the fetal corpus callosum, demonstration of the normal and abnormal corpus callosum and biometric measurements of the fetal corpus callosum by 3D ultrasound. Furthermore the question is raised whether fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can give additional information to the 3D ultrasound examination and whether the diagnosis resulting from 3D neurosonography gives us the chance for a better counseling of parents who are confronted with the diagnosis of a fetal corpus callosum pathology. How to cite this article Merz E, Pashaj S. What is Known about Corpus Callosum Prenatally? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):163-169.

scholarly journals Ultrasound vs Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of CNS Anomalies

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-499
Author(s):  
Snezana Crnogorac ◽  
Aleksandar Jurišić ◽  
Aleksandar Grdinić
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Cns Anomalies

ABSTRACT Central nervous system (CNS) malformations are some of the most comon congenital abnormalities. Long-term follow-up studies suggest that the incidence may be as high as 1 in 100 births. Imaging technologies have been remarkably improved and contributed to prenatal evaluation of fetal CNS development and assessment of CNS abnormalities. The routine examination of the fetal brain can be achieved with axial planes by conventional transabdominal ultrasonography. In order to provide a complete view of the different brain structures a detailed fetal neurosonogram requires additional coronal and sagittal views. Three-dimensional (3D) sonography should be performed transvaginally using the multiplanar approach. Transvaginal high-resolution 3D ultrasound can demonstrate cerebral fine vascular anatomy such as medullary vessels, intracranial calcification, vascular abnormalities. Parallel slicing provides a tomographic visualization of internal morphology similar to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fetal MRI appears to be a useful adjunct to ultrasound to confirm or exclude certain abnormalities. MRI is a valuable complementary tool to detailed neurosonography which allows an evaluation of the normal brain maturation from the second trimester. It also offers a higher diagnostic performance for some congenital abnormalities such as cortical development or posterior fossa assessment. How to cite this article Crnogorac S, JuriÓiƒ A, Grdiniƒ A. Ultrasound vs Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of CNS Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):496-499.

scholarly journals Contribution of Transvaginal High-Resolution Ultrasound in Fetal Neurology

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurological Prognosis ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography ◽  
Arteries And Veins

ABSTRACT Transvaginal high-resolution ultrasound and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound have been establishing sonoembryology as well as neurosonography in the first trimester. Fetal brain is rapidly developing and changing its appearance week by week during pregnancy. The most important organ, but it is quite hard to observe detailed structure of this organ by conventional transabdominal sonography. It is possible to observe the whole brain structure by magnetic resonance imaging in the post half of pregnancy, but it is difficult in the first half gestation, and transvaginal high-resolution 3D ultrasound is the most powerful modality. As for brain vascularization, main arteries and veins have been demonstrated and evaluated in various CNS conditions. Transvaginal high-resolution 3D ultrasound can demonstrate cerebral fine vascular anatomy, such as medullary vessels and it is greatly expected to estimate neurological prognosis relating with vascular development during fetal period.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-384
Author(s):  
KyongHon Pooh ◽  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography ◽  
Arteries And Veins

ABSTRACT Transvaginal high-resolution ultrasound and threedimensional (3D) ultrasound has been establishing sonoembryology in the first trimester as well as neurosonography. Fetal brain is rapidly developing and changing its appearance week by week during pregnancy. The most important organ but it is quite hard to observe detailed structure of this organ by conventional transabdominal sonography. It is possible to observe the whole brain structure by magnetic resonance imaging in the post half of pregnancy, but it is difficult in the first half of gestation and transvaginal high-resolution 3D ultrasound is the most powerful modality. As for brain vascularization, main arteries and veins have been demonstrated and evaluated in various CNS conditions. How to cite this article Pooh RK, Pooh K. Assessment of Fetal Central Nervous System. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(4):369-384.

Abnormalities of the Fetal Head and Neck

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann McHugh ◽  
Fergal D. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

Fetal head and neck abnormalities can be reliably assessed using a combination of 2D and 3D ultrasound. The accuracy of imaging depends to a large extent on gestational age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved as a useful adjunct to ultrasound particularly for prenatal diagnosis of fetal head and neck anomalies. Intrauterine MRI improves diagnostic accuracy for fetal brain abnormalities and often leads to changes in management. MRI can be used to refine diagnoses in complex cases where ultrasound imaging is unclear or cannot determine the precise diagnosis. Some fetal neck masses can result in neonatal respiratory compromise. An ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure may be required if a neck mass is causing tracheal occlusion. Polyhydramnios can occur if there is oesophageal compression. When a fetal head and neck abnormality is detected, appropriate counselling regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options is crucial in allowing the patient to make an informed and timely decision in relation to pregnancy management. This review contains 14 figures, 3 tables, and 68 references. Key words: Intracranial abnormality, anencephaly, encephalocele, cystic hygroma, fetal neck mass, ventriculomegaly, fetal goiter, Craniosynostosis, Agenesis of the corpus callosum, Holoprosencephaly, EXIT

scholarly journals Subcortical Segmentation of the Fetal Brain in 3D Ultrasound using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linde S. Hesse ◽  
Moska Aliasi ◽  
Felipe Moser ◽  
Monique C. Haak ◽  
Weidi Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Ultra Sound ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Fetal Ultrasound ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum

AbstractThe quantification of subcortical volume development from 3D fetal ultrasound can provide important diagnostic information during pregnancy monitoring. However, manual segmentation of subcortical structures in ultra-sound volumes is time-consuming and challenging due to low soft tissue contrast, speckle and shadowing artifacts. For this reason, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the automated segmentation of the choroid plexus (CP), lateral posterior ventricle horns (LPVH), cavum septum pellucidum et vergae (CSPV), and cerebellum (CB) from 3D ultrasound. As ground-truth labels are scarce and expensive to obtain, we applied few-shot learning, in which only a small number of manual annotations (n = 9) are used to train a CNN. We compared training a CNN with only a few individually annotated volumes versus many weakly labelled volumes obtained from atlas-based segmentations. This showed that segmentation performance close to intra-observer variability can be obtained with only a handful of manual annotations. Finally, the trained models were applied to a large number (n = 278) of ultrasound image volumes of a diverse, healthy population, obtaining novel US-specific growth curves of the respective structures during the second trimester of gestation.

Abnormalities of the Fetal Head and Neck

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann McHugh ◽  
Fergal D. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

Fetal head and neck abnormalities can be reliably assessed using a combination of 2D and 3D ultrasound. The accuracy of imaging depends to a large extent on gestational age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved as a useful adjunct to ultrasound particularly for prenatal diagnosis of fetal head and neck anomalies. Intrauterine MRI improves diagnostic accuracy for fetal brain abnormalities and often leads to changes in management. MRI can be used to refine diagnoses in complex cases where ultrasound imaging is unclear or cannot determine the precise diagnosis. Some fetal neck masses can result in neonatal respiratory compromise. An ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure may be required if a neck mass is causing tracheal occlusion. Polyhydramnios can occur if there is oesophageal compression. When a fetal head and neck abnormality is detected, appropriate counselling regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options is crucial in allowing the patient to make an informed and timely decision in relation to pregnancy management. This review contains 14 figures, 3 tables, and 68 references. Key words: Intracranial abnormality, anencephaly, encephalocele, cystic hygroma, fetal neck mass, ventriculomegaly, fetal goiter, Craniosynostosis, Agenesis of the corpus callosum, Holoprosencephaly, EXIT

scholarly journals Prenatal and Postnatal Schizencephaly Findings by 2D and 3D Ultrasound: Pictorial Essay

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Teresa Moreira Rios ◽  
Edward Araujo ◽  
Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza ◽  
Ana Carolina Rabachini Caetano ◽  
Antonio Fernandes Moron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Type I ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Primary Disorder ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽  
2D And 3D

Schizencephaly is a brain-destructive lesion relating to clefts in the fetal brain that usually communicate with the ventricular system, subarachnoid space, or both. It presents as two types: Type I (closed) and Type II (open). During pregnancy, it may be suspected in the course of ultrasonography, which highlights ventricular dilatation and brain abnormalities. Usually, the diagnosis is confirmed postnatally using trans-fontanel ultrasonography. The etiology of schizencephaly is still unknown, but it may be derived from a primary disorder of brain development or from bilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. Many causative agents including vascular insult, infections, toxins, and medications have been associated with this malformation. We present a pictorial essay of six cases of schizencephaly that were suspected on prenatal ultrasound scans and confirmed postnatally by trans-fontanel, two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Evaluation of the Fetal Brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Ritsuko K Pooh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Contrast Imaging

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound is one of the most attractive modalities in the field of fetal ultrasound imaging. Combination of both transvaginal sonography and 3D ultrasound may be a great diagnostic tool for evaluation of 3D structure of fetal central nervous system (CNS). Recent advanced 3D ultrasound equipments have several useful functions, such as surface anatomy imaging; multiplanar imaging of the intracranial structure; tomographic ultrasound imaging of fetal brain in the any cutting section; bony structural imaging of the calvaria and vertebrae; thick slice imaging of the intracranial structure; simultaneous volume contrast imaging of the same section or vertical section of fetal brain structure; volume calculation of target organs, such as intracranial cavity, ventricle, choroid plexus, and intracranial lesions; and 3D sonoangiography of the brain circulation (3D power or color Doppler). Furthermore, recent advanced technologies, such as HDlive silhouette and HDlive flow are quite attractive modalities and they can be applied for neuroimaging. Up-to-date 3D technologies described in this study allow extending the detection of congenital brain maldevelopment, and it is beyond description that noninvasive direct viewing of the embryo/fetus by all-inclusive ultrasound technology is definitely the first modality in a field of fetal neurology and helps our goal of proper perinatal care and management, even in the era of molecular genetics and advanced sequencing of fetal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the maternal blood. As a future aspect, collaboration of both molecular genetics and 3D neuroimaging will reveal responsible gene mutation of neuronal migration disorder, and this fetal neuro-sono-genetics will be able to contribute to accurate diagnoses, proper management, possible genetic therapy, and prophylaxis. How to cite this article Pooh RK. Three-dimensional Evaluation of the Fetal Brain. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):268-275.

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