Abnormalities of the Fetal Head and Neck

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann McHugh ◽  
Fergal D. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

Fetal head and neck abnormalities can be reliably assessed using a combination of 2D and 3D ultrasound. The accuracy of imaging depends to a large extent on gestational age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved as a useful adjunct to ultrasound particularly for prenatal diagnosis of fetal head and neck anomalies. Intrauterine MRI improves diagnostic accuracy for fetal brain abnormalities and often leads to changes in management. MRI can be used to refine diagnoses in complex cases where ultrasound imaging is unclear or cannot determine the precise diagnosis. Some fetal neck masses can result in neonatal respiratory compromise. An ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure may be required if a neck mass is causing tracheal occlusion. Polyhydramnios can occur if there is oesophageal compression. When a fetal head and neck abnormality is detected, appropriate counselling regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options is crucial in allowing the patient to make an informed and timely decision in relation to pregnancy management. This review contains 14 figures, 3 tables, and 68 references. Key words: Intracranial abnormality, anencephaly, encephalocele, cystic hygroma, fetal neck mass, ventriculomegaly, fetal goiter, Craniosynostosis, Agenesis of the corpus callosum, Holoprosencephaly, EXIT

Abnormalities of the Fetal Head and Neck

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann McHugh ◽  
Fergal D. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

Fetal head and neck abnormalities can be reliably assessed using a combination of 2D and 3D ultrasound. The accuracy of imaging depends to a large extent on gestational age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved as a useful adjunct to ultrasound particularly for prenatal diagnosis of fetal head and neck anomalies. Intrauterine MRI improves diagnostic accuracy for fetal brain abnormalities and often leads to changes in management. MRI can be used to refine diagnoses in complex cases where ultrasound imaging is unclear or cannot determine the precise diagnosis. Some fetal neck masses can result in neonatal respiratory compromise. An ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure may be required if a neck mass is causing tracheal occlusion. Polyhydramnios can occur if there is oesophageal compression. When a fetal head and neck abnormality is detected, appropriate counselling regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options is crucial in allowing the patient to make an informed and timely decision in relation to pregnancy management. This review contains 14 figures, 3 tables, and 68 references. Key words: Intracranial abnormality, anencephaly, encephalocele, cystic hygroma, fetal neck mass, ventriculomegaly, fetal goiter, Craniosynostosis, Agenesis of the corpus callosum, Holoprosencephaly, EXIT

scholarly journals Is Computed Tomography Perfusion a useful Method for Distinguishing between Benign and Malignant Neck Masses?

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. E1-E5
Author(s):  
Fatih Düzgün ◽  
Serdar Tarhan ◽  
Gülgün Yılmaz Ovalı ◽  
Görkem Eskiizmir ◽  
Yüksel Pabuşçu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Head And Neck Tumors ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Neck Tumors ◽  
Accurate Treatment ◽  
Malignant Mass

Evaluation of neck masses is frequent in ear, nose, and throat clinics. Successful outcomes associated with neck mass are directly related to rapid diagnosis and accurate treatment for each patient. Late diagnosis of a malignant mass increases the magnitude of morbidity and the rate of mortality of the disease. Although magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) examinations are important tools for evaluating head and neck pathologies, they do not allow functional evaluation. For this reason, CT perfusion (CTP) as a method of functional evaluation for distinguishing benign from malignant masses is gaining attention. The utility of CTP for distinguishing between benign and malignant mass lesions was investigated in 35 patients with masses in the neck (11 benign, 24 malignant). CTP was shown to be a useful method for identifying head and neck tumors and blood volume values to enable the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant head and neck tumors.

scholarly journals Endoscopically-Assisted Scar-Free Midline Neck Mass Excision

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Hyoyeon Kim ◽  
Seung Hoon Woo
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Transoral Approach ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Transoral Surgery ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Head And Neck Masses

Traditional open surgery is indicated for the treatment of selected tumor subsites in the head and neck. However, it can cause major cosmetic problems and functional pathologies. The endoscopically-assisted transoral approach is increasingly preferred in some surgical fields due to its superior cosmetic and functional outcomes. Nonetheless, endoscopically-assisted transoral approach is not yet standard in the head and neck due to their anatomical complexity. The transoral surgical approach has been used for head and neck masses since the 1960s, and its application continues to evolve with changing disease conditions and recent innovations in surgical instruments. The potential for wide application of transoral surgery continues to be investigated, with a focus on minimizing occurrence of the complications. This review presents details of the surgical procedure and postoperative clinical outcomes, as well as endoscopically-assisted scar-free techniques for the resection of midline neck masses.

Intramuscular myxoma of the longus colli mistaken for a cervical rootlet schwannoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e239106
Author(s):  
Eleni Marie Mijalis ◽  
Brian Manzi ◽  
Hugo Cuellar ◽  
Cherie Ann O Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Intramuscular Myxoma ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carotid Vessels ◽  
Slow Growing

An 86-year-old woman was referred to the otolaryngology clinic for a 1-year history of a painless, slow-growing neck mass. Physical examination showed a fixed, immobile right level II neck mass with normal vocal cord movement. MRI demonstrated a lobulated mass laterally displacing the carotid vessels, consistent with a schwannoma. Despite the pathognomonic radiographic findings for schwannoma, core needle biopsy of the mass was consistent with intramuscular myxoma (IM), which rarely presents in the head and neck region. After multiple years of slow growth with bulging into the pharynx, the patient ultimately underwent surgery to reduce the risk of airway compromise. The location of this IM together with its unusual imaging appearance is a unique finding in the head and neck and adds to the differential diagnoses for neck masses displacing the carotid sheath.

Neck

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-270
Author(s):  
Costin Berceanu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cystic Hygroma ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
High Association ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Fetal Goiter ◽  
Fetal Thyroid

ABSTRACT Cystic hygroma (CH) is the most frequently seen fetal neck mass on the first-trimester ultrasound (US). Overall prognosis is poor with a high association with chromosomal and structural anomalies. When diagnosed prenatally, fetal karyotyping and detailed US evaluation should be offered. Prenatal and postnatal surgical or nonsurgical treatment options are available. Fetal goiter (FG) and fetal thyroid masses are rare fetal conditions and may occur as part of a hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, or euthyroid state. Screening for FGs should be carried out in pregnancies of mothers with thyroid disease. If a FG is detected, a detailed US examination should be performed. Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is characterized by bilaterally enlarged lungs, flat or inverted diaphragms, dilated tracheobronchial tree, and massive ascites. It is usually a lethal abnormality. Fetuses with suspected CHAOS should be referred to a fetal medicine center able to perform ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) delivery. Neck teratomas are associated with high mortality rates. Prenatal US diagnosis of cervical teratoma can be made at 15 and 16 weeks of gestation. Planning of delivery in a tertiary center allows the performance of EXIT. Lymphangioma of the neck usually diagnosed in late pregnancy could be traditionally referred to as CH, but there is a different prenatal history and outcome. How to cite this article Vladareanu R, Vladareanu S, Berceanu C. Neck. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3): 256-270.

scholarly journals Intramuscular hemangioma of the retropharyngeal space

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Boricic ◽  
Zorica Stojsic ◽  
Anton Mikic ◽  
Dimitrije Brasanac ◽  
Nada Tomanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Retropharyngeal Space ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Distinctive Type ◽  
Intramuscular Hemangioma ◽  
Head And Neck Masses

Background. Intramuscular hemangioma (IMH) is a distinctive type of hemangioma occurring within skeletal muscle. Most IMH are located in the lower extremity, particularly in the muscles of the thigh. When present in the head and neck region, the masseter and trapezius muscle are the most frequently involved sites. Case report. We reported a case of unusual localization of the head and neck IMH occurring within the retropharyngeal space (RPS). To our knowledge, this is the second such case reported in the English literature. The tumor presented as a left-sided neck mass with bulging of the posterior and left lateral oropharyngeal wall on indirect laryngoscopy. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an ill-defined mass in the RPS at the oropharyngeal level. The lesion was excised via a transoral approach and microscopically diagnosed as IMH, the complex malformation subtype. Although surgical margins were positive, no recurrence of the tumor was noted in the 17-month follow-up. Conclusion. Intramuscular hemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of deep head and neck masses. The knowledge of the infiltrative nature and recurrence rate of an IMH is useful for appropriate management. .

Fetal Head and Neck Masses: MRI Prediction of Significant Morbidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Ng ◽  
Yin Xi ◽  
David Schindel ◽  
Angela Beavers ◽  
Patricia Santiago-Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Head And Neck Masses

Head and Neck Masses in Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. P142-P142
Author(s):  
Charles M. Myer ◽  
J. Paul Willging
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Educational Objective ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Head And Neck Masses

Educational objective: To develop an evaluation protocol and a treatment plan for a head or neck mass in a child.

scholarly journals Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology In The Diagnosis Of Head And Neck Masses

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Akeel A. Khdhayer ◽  
Mazin Jasim Al-Azawi ◽  
Nawal Al-Alash ◽  
Hadeel A. Yasseen
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Head And Neck Masses ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background Commonly presenting neck masses occur within lymph nodes, thyroid, parotid and other salivary glands. Objective This study is designed to assess the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity in various head and neck lesions Material and method fine needle cytology and the histopathology were done on 100 patients who presented with palpable head and neck mass (es). Result Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of lymphoma is 50%, 90%, 70.0% respectively. While the overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy is 88%, 98%, 93%. Conclusion fine needle aspiration is a highly accurate method for primary diagnosis of neck masses apart from lymphoma.

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