Green-maize potential of hybrid and open-pollinated cultivars at varying levels of applied nitrogen: relationship with grain yield

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
SK Kim ◽  
VO Adetimirin ◽  
ST Yoon ◽  
MA Adepoju ◽  
BA Gbadamosi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Effects of Time and Method of Applying Nitrogen to Dwarf Wheats

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Jain ◽  
D. P. Maurya ◽  
H. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

SUMMARYLinear regression of grain and straw yield of dwarf wheats on level of fertilizer nitrogen was significant, but the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen was determined by the time and method of its application. A single application as a basal dressing was the least productive for grain yield, while split fertilization at sowing and at first irrigation increased the efficiency of applied nitrogen. Further splitting in three doses did not benefit wheat. Foliar application of nitrogen to replace top dressing at the heading stage was of no advantage while replacement of a top dressing at first irrigation by urea spray at heading was definitely deleterious.

Growth, yield and nitrogen requirements of winter sown cereals grown after cotton or summer fallow in the lower Namoi Valley, New South Wales

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
GK McDonald ◽  
BG Sutton ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Three winter cereals (wheat varieties Songlen and WW 15, triticale variety Satu) were grown after cotton or summer fallow under three levels of applied nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 kg N/ha) at Narrabri, New South Wales. The cereals were sown on August 7, 1980 and growing season rainfall was supplemented by a single irrigation. Leaf area, total shoot dry matter production and ears per square metre were lower after cotton than after summer fallow, while grain yields of cereals sown immediately after cotton were 33% lower than those sown after fallow. Adding nitrogen increased leaf area, dry matter and grain yields of crops grown after cotton and fallow, but significant increases were not obtained with more than 100 kg/ha of applied nitrogen. Crops grown after cotton required an application of 100 kg N/ha for leaf and dry matter production at anthesis to equal that of crops grown after fallow with no additional nitrogen. The corresponding cost to grain yield of growing cotton was equivalent to 200 kg N/ha. The low grain yield responses measured in this experiment (1 8 and 10% increase to 100 kg N/ha after cotton and fallow, respectively) were attributed to the combined effects of late sowing, low levels of soil moisture and loss, by denitrification, of some of the applied nitrogen. The triticale, Satu, yielded significantly less than the two wheats (1 99 g/m2 for Satu c.f. 255 and 286 g/m2 for Songlen and WW 15, respectively), and did not appear to be a viable alternative to wheat in a cotton rotation.

Nitrogen fertilizer and wheat in a semi-arid environment. 2. Climatic factors affecting response

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

The response of Gabo wheat to nitrogen fertilizer at 52 sites in the wheat growing areas of South Australia during 1956-61 was examined in relation to climatic factors by a stepwise multiple regression analysis using a computer. The ten dependent variables were the linear and quadratic coefficients obtained by fitting orthogonal polynomials to response curves of various parameters (grain yield, grain + straw yield, harvest index, grain nitrogen percentage, and grain nitrogen yield) to applied nitrogen at each of the 52 sites. The 23 independent variables were the amounts of rainfall and evaporation during the growing period, maximum and minimum temperatures and estimates of high temperature stress during spring and amount of rainfall immediately after sowing at each site. The climatic variables examined explained 46.5, 64.3, and 64.3 per cent of the variation in the response to nitrogen fertilizer of grain yield, grain + straw yield, and grain nitrogen yield respectively. The positive effects of increasing amounts of winter rainfall on yield response to applied nitrogen were marked. On the other hand, the negative effects of high maximum temperatures in the latter part of the growing period, particularly during October, on yield response were also evident.

Nitrogen efficiency of wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
F. C. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Summary. Experiments were conducted at 3 sites in Western Australia in 1993 using 33 wheat cultivars and crossbreds. Two rates of applied nitrogen fertiliser (0 and 40 kg/ha of nitrogen) were used to screen the lines for efficiency of nitrogen uptake, grain yield and grain protein production per unit of nitrogen applied, and nitrogen translocation to the grain. This information can be useful in determining nitrogen fertiliser strategies for wheat cultivars in the field. Nitrogen uptake in the plant tops was measured during the season and in the grain and straw at maturity. Grain yield, grain protein and nitrogen efficiency parameters were not markedly different between grain quality grades which are largely based on grain hardness. Yield efficient lines (high net yield increase per unit of applied nitrogen) were characterised by greater net uptake and net utilisation efficiencies but had similar yields and grain protein percentages as yield inefficient lines. Protein efficient lines (high net grain protein increase per unit of applied nitrogen) also had greater uptake efficiencies but lower utilisation efficiencies than protein inefficient lines. No lines were both yield and protein efficient suggesting that lines either use fertiliser nitrogen preferentially in yield production or in production of protein. The results indicate that in nitrogen-responsive situations it will be more profitable to use yield-efficient lines. Further investigation is needed to examine the suggestion that where soil nitrogen levels are higher (and yield responses to nitrogen are less) a greater economic return may come from using protein efficient lines. Some wheat lines had a high ability to recover fertiliser nitrogen applied to the crop. Others had a high ability to take up soil nitrogen. It is postulated that these differences may be due to differences in root systems. Some mid- and long-season lines that had high concentrations of nitrogen in the tops at anthesis metabolised that nitrogen poorly into grain yield or protein. This suggests that nitrogen efficiency may be partly related to maturity relative to length of growing season.

Nitrogen fertilizer and wheat in a semi-arid environment. 3. Soil and cultural factors affecting response

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

The response of Gabo wheat to applied nitrogen at 52 sites in the wheat growing areas of South Australia during 1956-61 was examined in relation to soil and cultural factors, as separate groups and together with climatic factors, by a stepwise multiple regression analysis using a computer. The 10 dependent variables were the linear and quadratic coefficients obtained by fitting orthogonal polynomials to response curves of various parameters (grain yield, grain + straw yield, harvest index, grain nitrogen percentage, and grain nitrogen yield) to applied nitrogen at each of 52 sites. The independent variables were 14 soil properties, such as total nitrogen content and initial nitrate status, and 6 cultural characteristics, including date of sowing and period of cultivation. In addition, 23 climatic variables were also included in analysis considering all independent variables. Of the soil variables the most potent was initial nitrate content of the 0-6 inch horizon. Date of sowing was the most potent cultural variable. The proportion of variance explained in the final analysis by the variables examined was greatest for grain nitrogen yield (73.0 per cent) and grain + straw yield (72.1 per cent). The value for grain yield was 48.9 per cent. Differences between nitrogen and phosphorus response in a semi-arid environment and the theoretical and practical implications of these differences are discussed in relation to the predictive value of soil analyses.

Nitrogen fertilizer and wheat in a semi-arid environment. 4. Empirical yield response models and economic factors

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Late Application ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

The difficulties in predicting grain yield response to applied nitrogen under conditions of low and variable rainfall are discussed. Three models of grain yield response to applied nitrogen fertilizer for each of two strategies are proposed, based on data from field experiments carried out in the wheat growing areas of South Australia. In the first strategy (nitrogen applied at sowing) the parameters are May-August rainfall, October mean maximum temperature and one of three alternative site criteria, initial soil nitrate content (0-6 inches sampled shortly before sowing), 15-atmospheres soil moisture percentage (0-6 inches), or estimated nitrogen status. In the second strategy (nitrogen applied in late winter) the parameters are similar, except that May-July rainfall replaced May-August rainfall and a statistical relationship between yield response due to late application as compared with application at sowing was used. The response surfaces were examined using a calculated most profitable rate of application with a range of grain : fertilizer price ratios from 2 to 8. These calculations emphasize the importance of economic factors in affecting fertilizer use in areas where responses are small and variable. The limitations of the models and problems associated with the use of predicted climatic criteria are discussed. There is a need for further studies to iteratively test and modify these empirical models and ultimately to develop mechanistic models. Further study is also suggested on field aspects of late application and the possible role of both plant analysis and the single ion nitrate electrode for site characterization.

The responses of maize and grain sorghum hybrids to nitrogen fertiliser in south east Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Hibberd ◽  
BD Hall
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

We investigated, over 3 seasons, 1973-74 to 1975-76, the responses of 5 selected maize hybrids and 5 sorghum hybrids to applied nitrogen (N) under irrigation on N-deficient, black earth soils in South East Queensland. Five levels of N (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/ha) were applied as urea at sowing to 5 maize hybrids, XL81, Q739, PQ500, PX50, RX404, at 1 location. The same rates were applied to sorghum hybrids NK212, P846, E57, Goldfinger and Goldrush at another location. Higher grain yields were obtained from maize hybrids XL81 and RX404 than from 4739, PX50 and PQ500. A mean grain yield of 6660 kg/ha was produced from XL81 over the 3 seasons for the application of 180 kg N/ha. A hybrid x N interaction occurred only in the year with highest yields. Over all years, grain yield of each hybrid was linearly related to mean site yield and slopes were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Hybrids XL81 and RX404 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher grain yields than other hybrids over the range of grain N concentrations obtained. We conclude that 180 kg N/ha applied at or prior to sowing would optimise maize yields on N-depleted soils in South East Queensland. Highest grain yields of sorghum were obtained from all hybrids when N application was in the range 120-180 kg N/ha. The grain yields of all 5 hybrids converged in the 5000-7000 kg/ha yield range, indicating no superior yielding potential in any 1 hybrid. Goldrush, however, showed significantly (P<0.05) higher grain N concentrations than the other hybrids over the range of grain yields.

scholarly journals Soil-Applied Nitrogen and Composted Manure Effects on Soybean Hay Quality and Grain Yield

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1717-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Heitholt ◽  
David Kee ◽  
John J. Sloan ◽  
C. T. MacKown ◽  
Sue Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Applied Nitrogen
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