The use of the consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity scales in Iran: A research note

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Bahaee ◽  
Michael J. Pisani
Keyword(s):  
Research Note ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Consumer Animosity

Consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity: antecedents and consequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Fernández-Ferrín ◽  
Belén Bande-Vilela ◽  
Jill Gabrielle Klein ◽  
M. Luisa del Río-Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Purpose – Consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity provide marketing management with two useful concepts to understand the reasons behind consumers’ purchase decisions concerning domestic vs imported products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of animosity and ethnocentrism within a single model, and respondents’ evaluations of a specific product category are solicited. Design/methodology/approach – The study is conducted within an ideal context for the study of consumer animosity: data were collected in Belgrade shortly after the US-led NATO bombings of 1999. The surveys were carried out in person at the interviewees’ home. The sample was part of a regular omnibus panel composed of 270 adult respondents, of which 92.2 percent agreed to participate. Findings – The findings indicate that animosity and consumer ethnocentrism are distinct constructs. Also consistent with previous research, results obtained confirm that each construct has unique antecedents and consequences. Practical implications – Once consumer animosity and ethnocentrism levels have been measured, managers can then make decisions about whether to promote their country of origin or, alternatively, create more powerful local connections for their products. Thus, the consideration of animosity and ethnocentrism can be part of a firm’s international strategies. Originality/value – Previous studies on consumer animosity have demonstrated through structural equation modeling that the two constructs are distinct and have distinct antecedents, but research has not examined both the antecedents and the consequences of animosity and ethnocentrism in the same study. Thus, this study investigates the antecedents and consequences of animosity and ethnocentrism within a single model.

scholarly journals Influence of Customer Loyalty, Consumer Animosity and Purchase Intention on Consumer Ethnocentrism

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bukola Victoria Bada ◽  
Chibuzor Uchenna Onuoha
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
Additional Result ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
Study Results

The study examined the influence of customer loyalty, consumer animosity and purchase intention on consumer ethnocentrism. The research was a cross-sectional survey which made use of purposive sampling technique to select 196 (males = 109; females = 87) undergraduates from two public universities in Nigeria. Standardized scales that measured customer loyalty, consumer animosity, purchase intention and consumer ethnocentrism were adapted into a questionnaire format and used for data collection after theywere revalidated for cultural relevance. Three hypotheses were tested in the study. Results showed significant positive relationships among customer loyalty, consumer animosity, purchase intention and consumer ethnocentrism (p<.01). Additional result revealed significant independent and combined influence of customer loyalty, consumer animosity and purchase intention on consumer ethnocentrism. However, gender did not influence consumer ethnocentrism. It was concluded that customer loyalty, consumer animosity and purchase intention were strongly related to consumer ethnocentrism. The findings of the study were discussed alongside recommendation.

scholarly journals Reflection of animosities among countries on consumers: A conceptual study on consumer animosity conceptÜlkeler arasındaki düşmanlıkların tüketicilere yansıması: Tüketici düşmanlığı kavramı üzerine kavramsal bir çalışma

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Kiracı
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Country Image ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Distinct Structure ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Target Country

Consumer animosity which was firstly defined by Klein et al. (1998) is often used to explain consumers’ buying behavior from a foreign country. Considering the findings and results of past empirical studies, it could be seen that consumer animosity especially was a stronger predictor of willingness to buy foreign (target country-ies) products and consumer animosity was significantly distinct structure from consumer ethnocentrism which was previously conceptualized by Shimp and Sharma (1987). In this study, in the era of increasing anti-country currents, it was explained the consumer animosity concept that could be defined as strong negative emotions toward purchasing products from a disliked country and mentioned the differences and similarities between consumer animosity and other concepts such as consumer ethnocentrism, origin-of-country effect, country image, country boycott, consumer cosmopolitanism. In this aim, it was collected the findings and results of past studies, revealed the drivers and outcomes related to consumer animosity, pointed out the importance of consumer animosity on businesses actions, and presented the results of classifications related to consumer animosity concept and proposals to the businesses and future studies. Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. Özetİlk kez Klein vd. (1998) tarafından tanımlanan tüketici düşmanlığı, tüketicilerin yabancı ülkelerin ürünlerini satın alma davranışlarını açıklamada sıkça kullanılan bir kavramdır. Tüketici düşmanlığı konusunda günümüze dek yapılan ampirik çalışmalar sonucunda ortaya çıkan bulgular; tüketici düşmanlığının yabancı ürün satın alma niyetinin belirlenmesinde güçlü bir tahmin değişkeni olduğunu yansıtmaktadır. Bunun yanında, tüketici düşmanlığının daha önce Shimp ve Sharma (1987) tarafından tanımlanan tüketici etnosentrizminden ayrı bir yapıyı temsil ettiği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmada; anti-ülke akımlarının günden güne çoğaldığı çağımızda, belirli bir ülkeye karşı hissedilen olumsuz duyguların karşılığı olarak ortaya çıkan tüketici düşmanlığı kavramı açıklanmakta ve bu kavramın, tüketici etnosentrizmi, orijin ülke etkisi, ülke imajı, ülke boykotu, tüketici kosmopolitanlığı vb. kavramlarla benzer ve farklı yönleri dile getirilmektedir. Bu amaçla, daha önce tüketici düşmanlığı konusunda yapılmış kuramsal ve ampirik çalışmaların bulguları derlenmekte, tüketicilerin hissettiği düşmanlığın neden ve sonuçları belirtilmekte, tüketici düşmanlığı kavramının işletmeler açısından taşıdığı öneme değinilmekte, tüketici düşmanlığı konusunda yapılan sınıflandırmalar sonucu ortaya atılan düşmanlık türleri açıklanmakta ve son olarak işletmeler ve gelecek araştırmalar için öneriler sunulmaktadır.

The effects of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity on perceived betrayal and negative word-of-mouth

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Ming Lee ◽  
Tsai Chen ◽  
Yu-Shan Chen ◽  
Wei-Yuan Lo ◽  
Ya-Hui Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Negative Word ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to survey whether consumer ethnocentrism and animosity will affect consumers' perceived betrayal and cause negative word-of-mouth (NWOM).Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a 2 (consumer ethnocentrism) × 3 (consumer animosity) between-subject experiment design to test the hypotheses. Comprised of 380 respondents, this study used ANOVA to examine the data.FindingsThe results showed that if a brand violates the perception of fairness, ethnocentrism and animosity will have a positive effect on perceived betrayal. In addition, low consumer animosity revealed a significant consumer ethnocentrism effect and low ethnocentrism revealed a significant animosity effect, while the relationship between perceived betrayal and word of mouth is negative.Originality/valueThe current research adds to the understanding about how the reaction to a domestic brand's marketing strategies that are viewed as unfair and hurt the domestic consumers' expectations.

A memory theory perspective of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 1266-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lee ◽  
Kyung Tae Lee ◽  
Jianyao Li
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Memory Theory ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study contends that consumer ethnocentrism and animosity rest on semantic and episodic memory, respectively. It further examines how the influence of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity on consumer boycott behaviour may vary over time and use the memory theory to explain these temporal differences. Design/methodology/approach Part 1 involved an experiment to demonstrate the relationship between consumer ethnocentrism/animosity and semantic/episodic memory. To determine the temporal characteristics of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity, Part 2 involved two quantitative surveys (one each in China and Japan), followed by another two surveys six months later. Findings Part 1 showed that consumer ethnocentrism and animosity were underpinned by semantic and episodic memory, respectively. Consistent with memory theory, Part 2 found that consumer ethnocentrism was temporally more stable than animosity. Consumer animosity influenced boycott behaviour during but not after the dispute, whereas consumer ethnocentrism influenced boycott behaviour during as well as the dispute. Finally, consumer ethnocentrism was antecedent to consumer animosity, siding with the relationship between semantic and episodic memory. Research limitations/implications Limited to two countries, both with collectivistic culture. A longitudinal approach over multiple phases would further enhance the robustness of the findings. Practical implications Understanding the psychological underpinning of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity would allow firms to develop effective marketing strategies to appeal to consumers’ ethnocentric and animosity dispositions. Originality/value The first study to examine the psychological underpinnings of consumer ethnocentrism and animosity by drawing on the memory theory.

scholarly journals Consumer Perception: Animosity, Ethnocentrism and Willingness to Buy Chinese Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Peter N. Kiriri
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Product Judgments

Global developments have seen the rapid growth of international marketing due to trade liberalization and a reduction in barriers to global trade. This has resulted in opening up of new markets and availability of foreign products in domestic markets. China has taken a leading role in global trade due to its low levels of production costs and technological advancements. Chinese electronic products can now be found most parts of the world. This study attempted at determining the attitudes of consumers towards made in China products. It was guided by the concepts of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity and how these influenced the willingness to buy Chinese electronic products. A sample size of 385 was chosen with 319 participating. Data was collected through a questionnaire adopted and modified from a study by Quang, DinhChien and Long (2017) in Vietnam. Factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques were used in the analysis. From the findings, it was evident that amongst the Kenyans, consumer ethnocentrism influences the level of consumer animosity. In instances where consumer animosity existed, it did not have an impact on product judgments. Though the respondents had expressed some level of animosity towards China, the same did not have a negative impact on product judgments. In terms of consumer ethnocentrism, the respondents indicated that it had a negative impact on product judgments, an indication that a high level of ethnocentrism will lead to unfavourable attitudes towards a product from a foreign country.

scholarly journals An examination of ethnic-based consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samshul-Amry Abdul-Latif ◽  
Asmat-Nizam Abdul-Talib
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
Product Judgment ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity at the ethnic level. This study examines both effects on an ethnic majority’s consumption of an ethnic minority’s products and services, focusing on the relationship between two ethnic groups in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach The relationship between the constructs were analyzed using the co-variance-based structural equation modeling techniques with analysis of a moment structures version 21. Self-administered questionnaires were obtained from 325 Malay respondents in 2 Malaysian cities. Findings The results suggest that ethnic-based consumer ethnocentrism can negatively affect product judgment and product judgment can affect consumers’ willingness to buy. Two significant findings were rejected as the directions of the results were not as hypothesized. Research limitations/implications Future research could study other ethnic groups of different countries using specific ethnic related products and/or brands. Originality/value This research suggests that ethnic-based ethnocentrism and ethnic-based animosity are important factors for businesses to consider as both can affect ethnic consumers’ purchasing behavior. Depending on ethnic consumers’ perception toward a brand, a manager may face either an opportunity or a challenge.

scholarly journals CONSUMER ETHNOCENTRISM AND CONSUMER ASSOCIATIONS WITH SLOVAK BRANDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Lucia Vilčeková
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
Foreign Brands ◽  
Domestic Products

This paper describes the perception of Slovak consumers toward domestic and foreign brands and examines their associations with Slovak brands. The introduction to country of origin in marketing is provided, followed by a brief description of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer animosity; then description of research methodology is mentioned; and finally, research results are presented.The representative research was conducted in 2013 over a sample of 1,067 Slovak consumers over the age of 16.  To capture the spontaneous reactions to Slovak brands, the respondents were asked to name what comes to their mind when they hear the expression “Slovak brand.”  Slovak consumers associate domestic brands with quality, tradition, fair prices, and Slovakia. Their primary feelings toward Slovak brands are mostly positive. If they have negative perception, that is only because domestic products are not often available in stores and there is a lack of Slovak brands. Moreover, the consumers were presented with a list of 27 statements concerning their attitude toward domestic and foreign brands and their brand buying behavior.  Based on the research results, Slovak consumers can be observed as very brand-oriented and often possess a strong brand loyalty when making purchasing decisions. Slovak consumers are not necessarily patriotic as far as purchasing is concerned. The main reason for buying Slovak products is only to support the economy and the Slovak consumers are very aware of the benefits of supporting domestic production. Nevertheless, consumer ethnocentrism is not typical for Slovaks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Consumer Animosity and Consumer Ethnocentrism on Intention to Purchase Foreign Products: The Case of Chinese Branded Household Appliances in Vietnam Market

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4(J)) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Nguyen ThiHuong Giang
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Household Appliances ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Consumer Animosity ◽  
The Impact

Vietnam-China bilateral relationship has sharply declined due to the recent conflicts on both economic and political affairs. On top of that, the current controversial incident regarding the East Sea issue has constantly deteriorated the connection. At this critical time when the effects of consumers’ attitude toward Chinese products could not be overlooked, the empirical study aims to investigate the impacts of Consumer Animosity and Consumer Ethnocentrism on Purchase Intention of Chinese branded merchandise with the mediating role of Consumer Judgment. Household appliance category is chosen because of the dominance of Chinese brands in Vietnam market. In addition to the assessment of Animosity effect on Purchase Intention, the research is designated to examine its antecedences, including Perceived Economic Hardship and Normative Influences as well as their influences on Animosity. Structural Equation Modeling was utilized to test the theoretical framework, analyzing the data from a sample of 349 consumers with diverse backgrounds. The results have demonstrated that only Perceived economic hardship manifest a significant impacts on Animosity. Meanwhile, Animosity and Ethnocentrism have negative relationships with both Chinese branded household appliances Judgment and Purchase Intention. Overall, the study provides specific discussion and recommendations for the Vietnam household appliances industry and at the same time points into various directions for further researches.

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