scholarly journals Bioenergetic reprogramming of articular chondrocytes by exposure to exogenous and endogenous reactive oxygen species and its role in the anabolic response to low oxygen

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2286-2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Heywood ◽  
D. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Anabolic Response ◽  
Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Scavenging reactive oxygen species mimics the anoxic response in goldfish pyramidal neurons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varshinie Pillai ◽  
Leslie Buck ◽  
Ebrahim Lari
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Whole Cell

Goldfish are one of a few species able to avoid cellular damage during month-long periods in severely hypoxic environments. By suppressing action potentials in excitatory glutamatergic neurons, the goldfish brain decreases its overall energy expenditure. Co-incident with reductions in O2 availability is a natural decrease in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been proposed to function as part of a low oxygen signal transduction pathway. Therefore, using live-tissue fluorescence microscopy, we found that ROS production decreased by 10% with the onset of anoxia in goldfish telencephalic brain slices. Employing whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we found that like severe hypoxia the ROS scavengers N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and MitoTEMPO, added during normoxic periods, depolarized membrane potential (severe hypoxia -73.6 to – 61.4 mV; NAC -76.6 to -66.2 mV; and MitoTEMPO -71.5 mV to -62.5 mV) and increased whole-cell conductance (severe hypoxia 5.7 to 8.0 nS; NAC 6 nS to 7.5 nS; and MitoTEMPO 6.0 nS to 7.6 nS). Also, in a subset of active pyramidal neurons these treatments reduced action potential firing frequency (severe hypoxia 0.18 Hz to 0.03 Hz; NAC 0.27 Hz to 0.06 Hz and MitoTEMPO 0.35 Hz to 0.08 Hz ). Neither severe hypoxia nor ROS scavenging impacted action potential threshold. The addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide could reverse the effects of the antioxidants. Taken together, this supports a role for a reduction in [ROS] as a low oxygen signal in goldfish brain.

Endogenous reactive oxygen species burst induced and spatiotemporally controlled multiple drug release by traceable nanoparticles for enhancing antitumor efficacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Chenyu Liu ◽  
Weihe Yao ◽  
Hengjun Zhou ◽  
Simiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Antitumor Efficacy ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Burst

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only used as a therapeutic reagent in chemodynamic therapy (CDT), to stimulate the release of drugs, they can also be used to achieve a combined effect of CDT and chemotherapy to enhance anticancer effects.

Survival in Hostile Environments: Strategies of Renal Medullary Cells

Physiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Neuhofer ◽  
Franz-X. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Tensions ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Medullary Cells

Cells in the renal medulla exist in a hostile milieu characterized by wide variations in extracellular solute concentrations, low oxygen tensions, and abundant reactive oxygen species. This article reviews the strategies adopted by these cells to allow them to survive and fulfill their functions under these extreme conditions.

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