The osteoarthritic niche and modulation of skeletal stem cell function for regenerative medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 589-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Williams ◽  
C. J. Edwards ◽  
C. Cooper ◽  
R. O. C. Oreffo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Skeletal Stem Cell

Cell Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Factors and their Role in Skeletal Stem Cell Function with Aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
A. McArdle ◽  
C.K. Chan ◽  
D.D. Lo ◽  
M.T. Chung ◽  
K. Senarath-Yapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Skeletal Stem Cell

scholarly journals Mechanobiological Strategies to Enhance Stem Cell Functionality for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Onaza Ali ◽  
Seong-Beom Han ◽  
Dong-Hwee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Functionality ◽  
Cell Cell

Stem cells have been extensively used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering; however, they often lose their functionality because of the inflammatory microenvironment. This leads to their poor survival, retention, and engraftment at transplantation sites. Considering the rapid loss of transplanted cells due to poor cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions during transplantation, it has been reasoned that stem cells mainly mediate reparative responses via paracrine mechanisms, including the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Ameliorating poor cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions may obviate the limitations associated with the poor retention and engraftment of transplanted cells and enable them to mediate tissue repair through the sustained and localized presentation of secreted bioactive cues. Biomaterial-mediated strategies may be leveraged to confer stem cells enhanced immunomodulatory properties, as well as better engraftment and retention at the target site. In these approaches, biomaterials have been exploited to spatiotemporally present bioactive cues to stem cell-laden platforms (e.g., aggregates, microtissues, and tissue-engineered constructs). An array of biomaterials, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and scaffolds, has been exploited to facilitate stem cells function at the target site. Additionally, biomaterials can be harnessed to suppress the inflammatory microenvironment to induce enhanced tissue repair. In this review, we summarize biomaterial-based platforms that impact stem cell function for better tissue repair that may have broader implications for the treatment of various diseases as well as tissue regeneration.

Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Heng ◽  
Mit Bhavsar ◽  
Zhihua Han ◽  
John H. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Block Cell Proliferation

Recent interest in developing new regenerative medicine- and tissue engineering-based treatments has motivated researchers to develop strategies for manipulating stem cells to optimize outcomes in these potentially, game-changing treatments. Cells communicate with each other, and with their surrounding tissues and organs via electrochemical signals. These signals originate from ions passing back and forth through cell membranes and play a key role in regulating cell function during embryonic development, healing, and regeneration. To study the effects of electrical signals on cell function, investigators have exposed cells to exogenous electrical stimulation and have been able to increase, decrease and entirely block cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, alignment, and adherence to scaffold materials. In this review, we discuss research focused on the use of electrical stimulation to manipulate stem cell function with a focus on its incorporation in tissue engineering-based treatments.

Developmental Biology I: Bone Development, Repair, and Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi R. Borrelli ◽  
Ledibabari M. Ngaage ◽  
Derrick C. Wan ◽  
Michael T. Longaker ◽  
H. Peter Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Biology I ◽  
Skeletal Stem Cell

Defects of the skeletal system are extremely common and amount to a significant biomedical burden. Bone is a unique tissue that retains its regenerative potential into adulthood. The biology behind bone development, repair, and regeneration is thus of considerable interest, and may lead to advances in patient care. There are two distinct forms of osteogenesis; bones of the craniofacial skeleton develop via intramembranous ossification, whilst bones of the appendicular skeleton form by endochondral ossification. In this review, bone regenerative mechanisms based on skeletal stem cell function during fracture repair and during distraction osteogenesis are reviewed.  Skeletal stem cell function more closely follows developmental mechanisms during distraction osteogenesis compared to fracture osteogenesis.  This review contains 5 figures and 50 references. Keywords: skeletal stem cell, osteogenesis, skeletogenesis, mechanotransduction, regeneration, remodeling, focal adhesion kinase, ossification

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