Cognitive style and the effects of two instructional treatments on the acquisition and transfer of the ability to control variables: A longitudinal study

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Strawitz
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Instructional Treatments

Psychopathic Traits and Victimization: What Mechanisms Mediate the Relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-904
Author(s):  
Leah E. Daigle ◽  
Michelle N. Harris ◽  
Brent Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Maricopa County ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Relationship

Psychopathy has been linked to a host of negative outcomes including victimization; yet, the mechanisms that may explain this relationship have not been identified. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance study, a longitudinal study of adolescents adjudicted for serious offenses ( N = 1,354) who had been adjudicated in either Maricopa County, AZ, or Philadelphia County, PA, we examine several mechanisms that may mediate the relationship between psychopathy and violent victimization. A 1 SD increase in psychopathy increases the risk of victimization by about 9.3%, net of control variables. Psychopathy is linked to violent victimization through its significant influences on engagement in risky behaviors, moral disengagement, motivations to succeed, and expectations for the future. These findings are striking given that they identify factors such as cognition and engagement in risky behavior that may be suitable targets for change in prevention or intervention efforts.

Demographic Group Representation in Occupational Categories: A Longitudinal Study of EEO-1 Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-350
Author(s):  
Tesa Rigel Hines
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
White Women ◽  
Group Representation ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Demographic Group ◽  
Managerial Positions

Demographic group representation in medium and large private-sector employers was analyzed using multiple regression and EEO-1 data. Across 21 years (1996-2016), these data show an underrepresentation of white women and nonwhites in official and managerial positions, though this is increasing. Nonwhite men are also underrepresented in professional positions, and increasing. Nonwhite employees are overrepresented and increasing representation across other occupational categories. Unemployment rates, a Democratic president, and charges of discrimination are among the control variables with model significance. Across the workforce, we are making progress toward more diversity, but significant issues remain, especially for nonwhite employees.

Stability of Cognitive Style in Adults and Some Implications, a Longitudinal Study of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Clapp
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Coping Behaviour ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Personal Preference ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Style

This study ( N = 69) confirms the longer term stability (test-retest over 3.5 years) of Kirton's Adaption-Innovation Cognitive Style concept. Earlier test-retest studies were limited to periods of up to 1.5 years, although longer term stability (implied by, for example, consistent item-factor loadings across samples from different countries and organisations) was expected. The longer term stability was supported in this study by a test-retest coefficient of 0.82. This finding indicates clearly that studies and organisational interventions which have the objective of modifying this individual style preference will, by implication, fail. If any training intervention is to be regarded as successful, then overt behaviour rather than personal preference must be addressed. More attention must now be paid to Kirton's notion of “coping behaviour” and the ways available for reducing the psychological expense to the individual when overt behaviour needs to be different from personal preference.

Long-term association between articulation quality and phoneme sensitivity: A study from age 3 to age 8

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELEANOR THOMAS ◽  
MONIQUE SÉNÉCHAL
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Letter Knowledge ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
Phonological Sensitivity

The role of articulation quality in the development of phonological sensitivity was examined in a 5-year longitudinal study. A sample of 80 children was assessed at age 3. They were assessed yearly to age 6. Forty-three of the original sample were traced and reassessed at age 8. As predicted, the results revealed that articulation quality of the phoneme /r/ predicted phoneme sensitivity for the phoneme /r/ at ages 3–5 after controlling for vocabulary, letter knowledge, and phoneme sensitivity for a control phoneme. Later analyses showed that articulation quality at age 3 explained unique variance in phoneme sensitivity and decoding at age 8, after entering appropriate control variables. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that weakened phonological representations for specific phonemes linger after articulation has normalized.

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