Climate Change May Cause Shifts in Growth and Instantaneous Natural Mortality of American Shad Throughout Their Native Range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Gilligan‐Lunda ◽  
Daniel S. Stich ◽  
Katherine E. Mills ◽  
Michael M. Bailey ◽  
Joseph D. Zydlewski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
American Shad ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Native Range

scholarly journals Continental-scale variation in otolith geochemistry of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima)

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2623-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Walther ◽  
Simon R. Thorrold
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
American Shad ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Alosa Sapidissima ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Average Classification Accuracy ◽  
Annual Cohort

We assembled a comprehensive atlas of geochemical signatures in juvenile American shad ( Alosa sapidissima ) to discriminate natal river origins on a large spatial scale and at a high spatial resolution. Otoliths and (or) water samples were collected from 20 major spawning rivers from Florida to Quebec and were analyzed for elemental (Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Ba:Ca) and isotope (87Sr:86Sr and δ18O) ratios. We examined correlations between water chemistry and otolith composition for five rivers where both were sampled. While Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, 87Sr:86Sr, and δ18O values in otoliths reflected those ratios in ambient waters, Mg:Ca and Mn:Ca ratios in otoliths varied independently of water chemistry. Geochemical signatures were highly distinct among rivers, with an average classification accuracy of 93% using only those variables where otolith values were accurately predicted from water chemistry data. The study represents the largest assembled database of otolith signatures from the entire native range of a species, encompassing approximately 2700 km of coastline and 19 degrees of latitude and including all major extant spawning populations. This database will allow reliable estimates of natal origins of migrating ocean-phase American shad from the 2004 annual cohort in the future.

scholarly journals Extended low temperature and cryostorage longevity of Salix seeds with desiccation control

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja Jung Ku ◽  
Sim Hee Han ◽  
Du Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Economical Alternative ◽  
Seed Water Content

AbstractSalix xerophila, S. maximowiczii, and S. koreensis are species of willow native to Korea that are important for bioenergy production. However, the native range of these species has narrowed in recent years due to the impact of climate change. Seeds of these Salix species lose viability within 4 weeks at ambient temperature, and within 4 months at -4°C. Preservation techniques are urgently needed to protect these valuable resources. The effects of seed water content (SWC; 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 18%, and 24%) and temperature (ambient, 4°C, -18°C, -80°C, and -196°C) on storage stability were investigated for up to 48, 52, or 60 months, depending on species. Optimal storage temperature and SWC varied between species. S. xerophila seed could be stored without deterioration for 60 months with 9% SWC at -80°C, but rapidly lost viability when stored at -18°C. In S. maximowiczii and S. koreensis, 100% and 90% of normal germination, respectively, was maintained with 18% SWC at -18°C or -80°C. Thus, for some Salix species, storage at -18 and -80°C may provide an economical alternative to cryopreservation or medium-term storage for the maintenance of seedbanks or breeding stocks.

scholarly journals The potential distribution of yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) in New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
S.L. Lamoureaux ◽  
G.W. Bourd?t
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South ◽  
Grass Weed

Yellow bristle grass (Setaria pumila) an invasive annual grass weed in North America Africa Australia and New Zealand has become a problem on dairy farms in the upper North Island To define its potential distribution in New Zealand an ecoclimatic model was constructed using CLIMEX The model was parameterised using the known distribution of the species in its native range in Eurasia and validated against its invaded range in North America The model predicted all known occurrences in New Zealand and revealed extensive tracts of land in both the North and South Islands that are currently climatically suitable yet according to current records unoccupied by the weed Under climate change this potential distribution increases substantially These results imply that yellow bristle grass could become a much wider problem on dairy farms throughout New Zealand and that management to limit its spread is justified

scholarly journals Evidence that implicit assumptions of ‘no evolution’ of disease vectors in changing environments can be violated on a rapid timescale

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1665) ◽  
pp. 20140136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Egizi ◽  
Nina H. Fefferman ◽  
Dina M. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Projected impacts of climate change on vector-borne disease dynamics must consider many variables relevant to hosts, vectors and pathogens, including how altered environmental characteristics might affect the spatial distributions of vector species. However, many predictive models for vector distributions consider their habitat requirements to be fixed over relevant time-scales, when they may actually be capable of rapid evolutionary change and even adaptation. We examine the genetic signature of a spatial expansion by an invasive vector into locations with novel temperature conditions compared to its native range as a proxy for how existing vector populations may respond to temporally changing habitat. Specifically, we compare invasions into different climate ranges and characterize the importance of selection from the invaded habitat. We demonstrate that vector species can exhibit evolutionary responses (altered allelic frequencies) to a temperature gradient in as little as 7–10 years even in the presence of high gene flow, and further, that this response varies depending on the strength of selection. We interpret these findings in the context of climate change predictions for vector populations and emphasize the importance of incorporating vector evolution into models of future vector-borne disease dynamics.

scholarly journals Beyond tracking climate: niche evolution during native range expansion and its implications for novel invasions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Lustenhouwer ◽  
Ingrid M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Niche Evolution ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Niche Expansion ◽  
Climate Niche ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Native Populations

Ecological niche models have been instrumental in understanding and forecasting the widespread shifts in species distributions under global change. However, growing evidence of evolution in spreading populations challenges their key assumption of niche conservatism, limiting model transferability in space and time. Climate niche evolution has been studied extensively in invasive species, but may also occur in native populations tracking climate change, when species encounter novel abiotic conditions that vary with latitude. We compared niche shifts during native range expansion and during invasion in Dittrichia graveolens, a Mediterranean annual plant species that is currently undergoing both types of spread. We asked whether the species' northward native range expansion in Eurasia matched climate change from 1901-1930 to 1990-2019, or if further range expansion was promoted by niche evolution. In addition, we asked how niche expansion in the native range affected forecasts of two ongoing invasions in Australia and California. We quantified niche shifts in environmental space using the analytical framework of niche centroid shift, overlap, unfilling, and expansion (COUE), and examined associated distribution changes in geographic space using Maximum Entropy modeling. Our results show that D. graveolens expanded its native range well beyond what would be sufficient to track climate change, a shift associated with a 5.5% niche expansion to include more temperate climates. In contrast, both invasions showed evidence of niche conservatism, with niche filling depending on invader residence time. Including the expanded native niche in invasion projections added new areas at risk of invasion, but none of these has been colonized at present. We conclude that native populations may track climate change and adapt to novel local conditions in parallel, causing an evolutionary expansion of the climate niche and more widespread range expansion than expected based on climate change alone.

scholarly journals Profile of the in silico secretome of the palm dieback pathogen, a fungus that puts natural oases at risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Rafiqi ◽  
Lukas Jelonek ◽  
Aliou Moussa Diouf ◽  
AbdouLahat Mbaye ◽  
Alhousseine Diarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conserved Motif ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dieback Disease ◽  
Threat To Life ◽  
Human Subsistence

Understanding biotic changes that occur alongside climate change constitute a research priority of global significance. Here, we address a plant pathogen that poses a serious threat to life on natural oases, where climate change is already taking a toll and severely impacting human subsistence. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis is a pathogen that causes dieback disease on date palms, a tree that provides several critical ecosystem services in natural oases; and consequently, of major importance in this vulnerable habitat. Here, we assess the current state of global pathogen spread, we annotate the genome of a sequenced pathogen strain isolated from the native range and we analyse its in silico  secretome. The palm dieback pathogen secretes a large arsenal of effector candidates including a variety of toxins, a distinguished profile of secreted in xylem proteins (SIX) as well as an expanded protein family with an N-terminal conserved motif [SG]PC[KR]P that could be involved in interactions with host membranes.  Using agrobiodiversity as a strategy to decrease pathogen infectivity, while providing short term resilient solutions, seems to be widely overcome by the pathogen. Hence, the urgent need for future mechanistic research on the palm dieback disease and a better understanding of pathogen genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Invasive aliens threatened with native extinction: examining best practice for species translocations under climate change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Egan ◽  
David Bourke ◽  
Wilfried Thuiller ◽  
Maude E.A. Baudraz ◽  
Damien Georges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
Nw Europe

AbstractAimTranslocation remains a controversial strategy in species conservation. Here, we utilise the unusual scenario of invasive alien species (IAS) threatened with extinction in their native range to address key challenges in deciding ‘whether’, ‘where’, and ‘when’ to implement translocation, and how best to approach conservation under seemingly contradictory circumstances.LocationIberian Peninsula, NW EuropeMethodsRhododendron ponticum ssp. baeticum was selected as a model IAS for case study analysis. We used species distribution models (SDMs) coupled with dynamic simulations of migration to assess: 1. the extinction risk posed to this species in its native Iberian range under climate change; 2. whether SDMs calibrated on the native range (replicating typical translocation planning) could predict invasive capacity in NW Europe; and 3. the extent to which recommended biogeographical constrains on translocations may limit available options. Insights gained on the above were used to build and test a generic decision framework for translocation, based on robust identification of microrefugia.ResultsOur findings suggest a high likelihood of climate-induced extinction for R.p. ssp. baeticum in its native range. Notably, SDMs completely failed to predict invasive capacity in NW Europe. However, application of our framework was successful in identifying sites more proximate to the native range – albeit outside this species’ current biogeographic region – potentially suited to translocation.Main conclusionsThe framework here developed can be used to guide translocation of climate-endangered species in a spatially and temporally precise manner. However, we caution that use of SDMs can possess short-comings in failing to capture a full picture of sites suited to translation, and in risk assessment of the capacity of translocated taxa to form invasive species. Strict biogeographic constraints to the selection of translocation sites can evidently help to safeguard against invasions, but may also severely hinder the options available to avert climate-induced extinctions.

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