Is Marine Survival for Puget Sound’s Wild Steelhead Really That Bad? A Nisqually River Case Study Evaluating Estimates of Productivity and Survival of Oncorhynchus mykiss

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Losee ◽  
Andrew M. Claiborne ◽  
Gabe M. Madel ◽  
Matt Klungle ◽  
Lance Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Marine Survival

scholarly journals Rearing in a distorted magnetic field disrupts the ‘map sense’ of juvenile steelhead trout

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 20140169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Putman ◽  
Amanda M. Meinke ◽  
David L. G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Test Orientation ◽  
Marine Survival

We used simulated magnetic displacements to test orientation preferences of juvenile steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) exposed to magnetic fields existing at the northernmost and southernmost boundaries of their oceanic range. Fish reared in natural magnetic conditions distinguished between these two fields by orienting in opposite directions, with headings that would lead fish towards marine foraging grounds. However, fish reared in a spatially distorted magnetic field failed to distinguish between the experimental fields and were randomly oriented. The non-uniform field in which fish were reared is probably typical of fields that many hatchery fish encounter due to magnetic distortions associated with the infrastructure of aquaculture. Given that the reduced navigational abilities we observed could negatively influence marine survival, homing ability and hatchery efficiency, we recommend further study on the implications of rearing salmonids in unnatural magnetic fields.

Is solar radiation responsible for declines in marine survival rates of anadromous salmonids that rear in small streams?

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Walters ◽  
Bruce Ward
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Marine Survival

There have been profound declines in marine survival rates of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (O. kisutch), chinook salmon (O. tschawytscha), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) since the mid-1980s, and these declines have been particularly acute in sunny regions. We suggest that the problem may originate in freshwater with radiation (e.g., UV-B) damage to metabolic machinery that is expressed during stressful periods of smolting and ocean entry and that progressively worse damage may soon appear as reduction in freshwater survivals as well. This hypothesis can be tested quickly by management agencies by comparing survival rates of hatchery-reared fish with and without radiation protection during rearing.

Linking individual size and wild and hatchery ancestry to survival and predation risk of threatened steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie K. Osterback ◽  
Danielle M. Frechette ◽  
Sean A. Hayes ◽  
Morgan H. Bond ◽  
Scott A. Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Larus Occidentalis ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Western Gull ◽  
Marine Survival ◽  
Individual Size

We examined the role of individual size and origin (wild versus hatchery) to predation risk and marine survival for threatened juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a coastal California watershed. In this study, we found that individual size and origin were strongly associated with increased predation risk of steelhead by a generalist avian predator (western gull, Larus occidentalis) and associated with survival to reproduction by tracking the fate of juvenile steelhead tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Across six cohorts (2005–2010), larger steelhead (>170 mm fork length (FL)) experienced marine survival rates at least 60 times higher than the smallest individuals. Predation risk by western gulls was highest for intermediate-sized fish (145–190 mm FL), which was at least ten times higher than the predation risk of the smallest individuals and four times higher than the predation risk of the largest individuals. Wild steelhead experienced both higher predation risk and higher survival rates than hatchery fish of the same size. Although gulls disproportionately remove intermediate-sized wild steelhead from the population, they also remove large wild individuals that may otherwise experience the highest adult return rates. Instead of focusing on population size alone, conservation measures could also be guided towards the recovery of larger and wild individuals, whose survival is paramount for population recovery.

Life cycle assessment for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production systems: a case study for Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Dekamin ◽  
Hadi Veisi ◽  
Edwin Safari ◽  
Houman Liaghati ◽  
Korus Khoshbakht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Trends in wild adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) abundance for coastal regions of British Columbia support the variable marine survival hypothesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D Smith ◽  
Bruce R Ward
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Marine Survival

Wild adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) abundance for rivers in British Columbia was indexed using catch-per-angler-day (CpAD) calculated from data obtained using an angler questionnaire. Mean annual CpAD for primarily winter-run steelhead in rivers of four rainfall-driven coastal regions of British Columbia showed similar trends from the fiscal year 1967-1968 to 1989-1990. After 1989-1990 the trends diverged. The generally remote rivers of the west coast of Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands maintained a steady or increasing trend in CpAD after 1989-1990. The long-term trend for these two regions correlated well with a joint index of winter and summer upwelling for the Coastal Upwelling Domain for the years that steelhead are at sea and is consistent with studies that relate marine survival of salmon to oceanic-atmospheric climate. In contrast with west coast Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands, most rivers of the east coast of Vancouver Island and the lower mainland near Vancouver revealed declining trends since 1989-1990. Most of these rivers drain into the Strait of Georgia. Reasons for the discrepancy among regions after about 1990 are discussed. They include high angling pressure related to hatchery supplementation, differences in riverine and marine conditions, and smolt migration distance.

scholarly journals Calibrating Accelerometer Tags with Oxygen Consumption Rate of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Their Use in Aquaculture Facility: A Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Walter Zupa ◽  
Sébastien Alfonso ◽  
Francesco Gai ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Maria Teresa Spedicato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Metabolic rates are linked to the energetic costs of different activities of an animal’s life. However, measuring the metabolic rate in free-swimming fish remains challenging due to the lack of possibilities to perform these direct measurements in the field. Thus, the calibration of acoustic transmitters with the oxygen consumption rate (MO2) could be promising to counter these limitations. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792; n = 40) were challenged in a critical swimming test (Ucrit) to (1) obtain insights about the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism throughout electromyograms; and (2) calibrate acoustic transmitters’ signal with the MO2 to be later used as a proxy of energetic costs. After this calibration, the fish (n = 12) were implanted with the transmitter and were followed during ~50 days in an aquaculture facility, as a case study, to evaluate the potential of such calibration. Accelerometer data gathered from tags over a long time period were converted to estimate the MO2. The MO2 values indicated that all fish were reared under conditions that did not impact their health and welfare. In addition, a diurnal pattern with higher MO2 was observed for the majority of implanted trout. In conclusion, this study provides (1) biological information about the muscular activation pattern of both red and white muscle; and (2) useful tools to estimate the energetic costs in free-ranging rainbow trout. The use of acoustic transmitters calibrated with MO2, as a proxy of energy expenditure, could be promising for welfare assessment in the aquaculture industry.

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