Modulation of dorsal thalamic cell activity by the ventral pallidum: Its role in the regulation of thalamocortical activity by the basal ganglia

Synapse ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonieta Lavín ◽  
Anthony A. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ventral Pallidum

scholarly journals miR-124-3p Inhibits Microglial Secondary Inflammation After Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage by Targeting TRAF6 and Repressing the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudan Fang ◽  
Xiaoqin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Apoptosis Rate

Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents a serious central nervous system emergency with high morbidity and mortality, and the basal ganglia is the most commonly affected brain region. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) have recently been highlighted to serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ICH. This study investigated the mechanism of miR-124-3p in microglial secondary inflammation after ICH.Methods: In this study, 48 patients with primary basal ganglia ICH and 48 healthy volunteers were selected and venous blood was collected from all patients on the second morning of admission (within 24 h of stroke onset). The expression of miR-124-3p in serum was detected by RT-qPCR. Three months after ICH, the patients were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the correlation between miR-124-3p expression and mRS score was analyzed by Pearson. The inflammatory response of microglia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish the cell model of microglial inflammation. miR-124-3p expression patterns were detected in the serum of ICH patients and healthy volunteers, normal microglia, and LPS-induced microglia. The miR-124-3p mimic was transfected into LPS-induced microglia, followed by measurement of the inflammatory factors, apoptosis rate, and cell viability. The target gene of miR-124-3p was predicted and verified. The expression patterns of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were detected. pcDNA3.1 and pcDNA3.1-TRAF6 were transfected into LPS-induced HMC3 cells, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) expression patterns were determined. Lastly, the effects of TRAF6 overexpression on apoptosis, cell viability, and inflammation in HMC3 cells were measured.Results: miR-124-3p was downregulated in the serum of basal ganglia ICH patients and LPS-induced microglia, and miR-124-3p expression was negatively correlated with mRS. Overexpression of miR-124-3p reduced the inflammatory factors and apoptosis rate and promoted cell activity in LPS-induced microglia. miR-124-3p was found to target TRAF6. Overexpression of TRAF6 enhanced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammatory factors and apoptosis rate, and reduced cell viability.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that miR-124-3p repressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by targeting TRAF6, thus inhibiting microglial secondary inflammation after ICH in basal ganglia.

Prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits in the rat: Involvement of ventral pallidum and subthalamic nucleus

Synapse ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Maurice ◽  
Jean-Michel Deniau ◽  
Annie Menetrey ◽  
Jacques Glowinski ◽  
Anne-Marie Thierry
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Ventral Pallidum

scholarly journals Aversion encoded in the subthalamic nucleus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Pietro Serra ◽  
Adriane Guillaumin ◽  
Jérome Baufreton ◽  
François Georges ◽  
Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Ventral Pallidum ◽  
Lateral Habenula ◽  
Place Aversion ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Ongoing Behavior ◽  
Aversive Behavior ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractActivation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is associated with the stopping of ongoing behavior via the basal ganglia. However, we recently observed that optogenetic STN excitation induced a strong jumping/escaping behavior. We hypothesized that STN activation is aversive. To test this, place preference was assessed. Optogenetic excitation of the STN caused potent place aversion. Causality between STN activation and aversion has not been demonstrated previously. The lateral habenula (LHb) is a critical hub for aversion. Optogenetic stimulation of the STN indeed caused firing of LHb neurons, but with delay, suggesting the involvement of a polysynaptic circuit. To unravel a putative pathway, the ventral pallidum (VP) was investigated. VP receives projections from the STN and in turn projects to the LHb. Optogenetic excitation of STN-VP terminals caused firing of VP neurons and induced aversive behavior. This study identifies the STN as critical hub for aversion, potentially mediated via an STN-VP-LHb pathway.

Position of the ventral pallidum in the rat prefrontal cortex–basal ganglia circuit

Neuroscience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Maurice ◽  
J.M Deniau ◽  
A Menetrey ◽  
J Glowinski ◽  
A.M Thierry
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Ventral Pallidum

Dissociable roles of ventral pallidum neurons in the basal ganglia reinforcement learning network

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kaplan ◽  
Aviv D. Mizrahi-Kliger ◽  
Zvi Israel ◽  
Avital Adler ◽  
Hagai Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Ventral Pallidum ◽  
Learning Network

Regulation of Dopamine Release and Dopamine Cell Activity by Endogenous H2O2: Implications for Basal Ganglia Function

2006 ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Rice ◽  
Jyoti Patel ◽  
Li Bao ◽  
Zsuzsanna S. Pearson ◽  
Pullani Shashidharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Dopamine Cell

scholarly journals Signaling incentive and drive in the primate ventral pallidum for motivational control of goal-directed action

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Fujimoto ◽  
Yukiko Hori ◽  
Yuji Nagai ◽  
Erika Kikuchi ◽  
Kei Oyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Ventral Pallidum ◽  
Neuronal Coding ◽  
Incentive Value ◽  
Control Goal ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
Error Repetition ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Motivational Control

AbstractProcessing incentive and drive is essential for control of goal-directed behavior. The limbic part of the basal ganglia has been emphasized in these processes, yet the exact neuronal mechanism has remained elusive. In this study, we examined the neuronal activity of the ventral pallidum (VP) and its upstream area, the rostromedial caudate (rmCD), while two male macaque monkeys performed an instrumental lever-release task, in which a visual cue indicated the forthcoming reward size. We found that the activity of some neurons in VP and rmCD reflected the expected reward-size transiently following the cue. Reward-size coding appeared earlier and stronger in VP than in rmCD. We also found that the activity in these areas was modulated by the satiation level of monkeys, which also occurred more frequently in VP than in rmCD. The information regarding reward-size and satiation-level was independently signaled in the neuronal populations of these areas. The data thus highlighted the neuronal coding of key variables for goal-directed behavior in VP. Furthermore, pharmacological inactivation of VP induced more severe deficit of goal-directed behavior than inactivation of rmCD, which was indicated by abnormal error repetition and diminished satiation effect on the performance. These results suggest that VP encodes incentive value and internal drive, and plays a pivotal role in the control of motivation to promote goal-directed behavior.Significance StatementThe limbic part of the basal ganglia has been emphasized in the motivational control of goal-directed action. Here, we investigated how the ventral pallidum (VP) and the rostromedial caudate (rmCD) encode incentive value and internal drive, and control goal-directed behavior. Neuronal recording and subsequent pharmacological inactivation revealed that VP had stronger coding of reward size and satiation level than rmCD. Reward size and satiation level were independently encoded in the neuronal population of these areas. Furthermore, VP inactivation impaired goal-directed behavior more severely than rmCD inactivation. These results highlighted the central role of VP in the motivational control of goal-directed action.

571: Importance of the Intracrine Metabolism of Adrenal Androgens in Androgen Dependent Prostate Cancer Cell Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
Kazuya Suzuki ◽  
Tsutomu Nishiyama ◽  
Noboru Hara ◽  
Vladimir Bilim ◽  
Kazutoshi Yamana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Adrenal Androgens
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