Effect of the Enzymatic Removal of Endosperm Cell Wall on the Gelatinization Properties of Aged and Unaged Rice Flours

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 300-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shibuya ◽  
T. Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Gelatinization Properties ◽  
Rice Flours

scholarly journals Structural Changes in Lettuce Seed During Germination at High Temperature Altered by Genotype, Seed Maturation Temperature, and Seed Priming

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sung ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Russell T. Nagata ◽  
Warley M. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Dark Green

To investigate thermotolerance in seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), primed, nonprimed, or seeds matured at 20/10 and 30/20 °C (day/night on a 12-h photoperiod) were imbibed at 36 °C for various periods and then dissected. Structural changes in seed coverings in front of the radicle tip were observed during germination at high temperature. Thermotolerant genotypes, ‘Everglades’ and PI 251245, were compared with a thermosensitive cultivar, ‘Dark Green Boston’. In all seeds that germinated, regardless of seed maturation temperature or priming, a crack appeared on one side of the cap tissue (constriction of the endosperm membrane near the basal end of the seed) at the micropylar region and the endosperm separated from the integument in front of the radicle tip. Additional changes took place during imbibition in these seeds; the protein bodies in the vacuoles enlarged and gradually depleted, large empty vacuoles formed, the cytoplasm condensed, the endosperm shrank, the endosperm cell wall dissolved and ruptured, and then the radicle elongated toward this ruptured area. The findings suggested that the endosperm layer presented mechanical resistance to germination in seeds that could not germinate at 36 °C. Weakening of this layer was a prerequisite to radicle protrusion at high temperature. Seeds of ‘Dark Green Boston’, ‘Everglades’, and PI 251245 matured at 30/20 °C had greater thermotolerance than those matured at 20/10 °C. Results of the anatomical study indicated that the endosperm cell walls in front of the radicle of seeds matured at 30/20 °C were more readily disrupted and ruptured during imbibition than seeds matured at 20/10 °C, suggesting a reason why these seeds could germinate quickly at supraoptimal temperatures. Similar endosperm structural alterations also were observed in primed seeds. Priming led to rapid and uniform germination, circumventing the inhibitory effects of high temperatures. From anatomical studies conducted to identify and characterize thermotolerance in lettuce seed germination, we observed that genotype, seed maturation temperature, or seed priming had the ability to reduce physical resistance of the endosperm by weakening the cell wall and by depleting stored reserves leading to cell collapse.

scholarly journals Oryza sativa Brittle Culm 1-like 6 modulates β-glucan levels in the endosperm cell wall

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0217212
Author(s):  
Keiko Midorikawa ◽  
Masaharu Kuroda ◽  
Haruyuki Yamashita ◽  
Tomoko Tamura ◽  
Keiko Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Brittle Culm

Differences in endosperm cell wall integrity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) milling fractions impact on the way starch responds to gelatinization and pasting treatments and its subsequent enzymatic in vitro digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4674-4684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Korompokis ◽  
Niels De Brier ◽  
Jan A. Delcour
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Physical Barriers

Intact wheat endosperm cell walls reduce intracellular starch swelling and retard its in vitro digestion by acting as physical barriers to amylolytic enzymes.

Observation of unique structures between the endosperm and embryo in seeds of Glycine max

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Yaklich ◽  
W. P. Wergin ◽  
E. F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Inside Surface ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Cotyledon Cell ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractOpenings are present on the inside surface of the endosperm cell wall adjacent to the developing cotyledon. The objective of this study was to determine if the openings were present during seed growth, maturation and imbibition by observing the inside surface of the endosperm with low temperature scanning electron microscopy. The openings were found to be present throughout seed development, maturation and imbibition. The openings were not formed by attachment to the cotyledon surface. However, the inner surface of the endosperm was occasionally attached to the surface of the embryo. At seed maturity, outgrowths on the cotyledon cell wall surface were embedded in the cell wall of the inside surface of the endosperm. These structures were also observed in the imbibing seed. These points of contact between the endosperm and embryo of soybean seeds may align the embryo, endosperm and seed coat during growth, desiccation and imbibition.

Studies on Barley Starchy Endosperm Cell Wall Degradation by Rhizopus VII

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Noots ◽  
V. Derycke ◽  
H.E. Jensen ◽  
C. Michiels ◽  
J.A. Delcour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Endosperm Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Starchy Endosperm
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