Low Pressure Effects in SEN-Stopper Region in Continuous Casting

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Thumfart ◽  
Mirko Javurek
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pressure Effects

Pressure Effects on the Lifetime of Gas High Density Polyethylene Pipes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Hui-qing Lan ◽  
Tao Meng ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Du du Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
High Density ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Polyethylene Pipes ◽  
Hdpe Pipes

Abstract The purpose of this study was to propose low gas pressure effects on lifetime of natural gas high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes by thermal-oxidative aging (TOA). The new method to assess the lifetime of HDPE natural gas pipes is based on gas pressure testing. An approach to monitor oxidative induction time (OIT) has been used to predict lifetime. Natural gas HDPE pipes were used to evaluate the effects of low gas pres-sures on oxidative induction time. In order to emphasize the pressure effects, relatively low temperatures at 45, 55, 65 and 75 °C were utilized for the exposure. The low-pressure conditions were created using air at levels of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 MPa. The property of high density polyethylene pipes was effectively moni-tored using the low pressure oxidative induction time (OIT) test. The results show that the aging reaction rate of high density polyethylene pipes increased exponentially with temperature and gas pressure according to the Arrhenius equation. Analytical models were developed to predict the aging reaction rate and lifetime of natural gas HDPE pipes.

Effects of Pressure Deposition on Plasma Jet and Coatings Microstructure

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Valente ◽  
L. Bertamini ◽  
M. Tului
Keyword(s):  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Jet Length ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Steel Substrates

Abstract Pressure inside the spray chamber plays a key role during coatings manufacturing by thermal spraying and coating properties can be strongly affected by the selected pressure value. Spraying at low pressure results in a longer plasma jet length, higher particle velocity, lower coating porosity and higher purity and phase stability. For what concerns plasma-particle interactions, a reduction of pressure value drastically decreases heat transfer towards particles, therefore high power plasma equipment must be used to achieve a suitable melting degree of sprayed powders. Effects of low pressure values are well known, but few investigation have been carried out on effects of pressure for values higher than 1,000 mbar. In this paper a preliminary evaluation of pressure effects on plasma jet modifications, particle velocity and coatings microstructure is presented. By using the very innovative CAPS (Controlled Atmosphere Plasma Spraying) system, Ni-20%Al powders were sprayed at different pressure values, up to 3,600 mbar. The length and width of the visible part of the plasma jet was measured and controlled. Average particle velocity was also evaluated as a function of pressure. Coatings, manufactured on stainless steel substrates, were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Vickers microhardness measurements. Results indicate that the higher the spraying pressure the lower the plasma jet length and particle velocity; but also a lower selective evaporation of aluminum and higher microhardness values were observed.

Effects of Electrical Discharges in Low Pressure Gases on the Morphology of Polyethylene Crystals

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
L.H. Bolz ◽  
D.H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Dielectric Breakdown ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Polymer Surfaces ◽  
Electrical Discharges ◽  
Adhesive Bonds ◽  
Power Distribution Lines ◽  
Modification Of The Surface

The attack, on the surface of a polymer, by the atomic, molecular and ionic species that are created in a low pressure electrical discharge in a gas is interesting because: 1) significant interior morphological features may be revealed, 2) dielectric breakdown of polymeric insulation on high voltage power distribution lines involves the attack on the polymer of such species created in a corona discharge, 3) adhesive bonds formed between polymer surfaces subjected to such SDecies are much stronger than bonds between untreated surfaces, 4) the chemical modification of the surface creates a reactive surface to which a thin layer of another polymer may be bonded by glow discharge polymerization.

Field ion microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Gert Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Field Ion Microscopy ◽  
Phosphor Screen ◽  
Ion Microscopy ◽  
Field Ion Microscope

The field ion microscope, devised by Erwin Muller in the 1950's, was the first instrument to depict the structure of surfaces in atomic detail. An FIM image of a (111) plane of tungsten (Fig.l) is typical of what can be done by this microscope: for this small plane, every atom, at a separation of 4.48Å from its neighbors in the plane, is revealed. The image of the plane is highly enlarged, as it is projected on a phosphor screen with a radius of curvature more than a million times that of the sample. Müller achieved the resolution necessary to reveal individual atoms by imaging with ions, accommodated to the object at a low temperature. The ions are created at the sample surface by ionization of an inert image gas (usually helium), present at a low pressure (< 1 mTorr). at fields on the order of 4V/Å.

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