Application of intrinsically conducting polymers in flexible electronics

For the past 50 years, conventional insulating-polymer systems have increasingly been used as substitutes for structural materials such as wood, ceramics, and metals because of their high strength, light weight, ease of chemical modification/customization, and processability at low temperatures. In 1977 the first intrinsic electrically conducting organic polymer—doped polyacetylene—was reported, spurring interest in “conducting polymers.” Intrinsically conducting polymers are completely different from conducting polymers that are merely a physical mixture of a nonconductive polymer with a conducting material such as metal or carbon powder. Although initially these intrinsically conducting polymers were neither processable nor air-stable, new generations of these materials now are processable into powders, films, and fibers from a wide variety of solvents, and also are airstable. Some forms of these intrinsically conducting polymers can be blended into traditional polymers to form electrically conductive blends. The electrical conductivities of the intrinsically conductingpolymer systems now range from those typical of insulators (<10−10 S/cm (10−10 Ω−1 cm1)) to those typical of semiconductors such as silicon (~10 5 S/cm) to those greater than 10+4 S/cm (nearly that of a good metal such as copper, 5 × 105 S/cm). Applications of these polymers, especially polyanilines, have begun to emerge. These include coatings and blends for electrostatic dissipation and electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shielding, electromagnetic-radiation absorbers for welding (joining) of plastics, conductive layers for light-emitting polymer devices, and anticorrosion coatings for iron and steel.The common electronic feature of pris tine (undoped) conducting polymers is the π-conjugated system, which is formed by the overlap of carbon pz orbitals and alternating carbon-carbon bond lengths.

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Actuator-Like Hydrogels Based on Conductive Chitosan

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.84.29 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 29-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacques Desbrieres ◽

Stephanie Reynaud ◽

Pierre Marcasuzaa ◽

Francis Ehrenfeld

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Block Copolymer ◽

Conducting Polymers ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Conducting Polymer ◽

Composite Hydrogel ◽

Composite Gels ◽

Grafting Reaction ◽

Intrinsically Conducting Polymers ◽

Low Solubility

Intrinsically conducting polymers are of great interest for a large number of applications. But among major drawbacks are their low solubility in common solvents and their poor mechanical properties. Elaboration of composites associating a matrix, bringing its mechanical properties, and polyaniline, as the conducting polymer is a way of overcoming these disadvantages. Chitosan-graft-polyaniline copolymers were synthesized by simple oxidative method. The grafting reaction was quite total and it was found that the copolymers crosslinked to yield a composite hydrogel in which the polyaniline was homogeneously embedded. The conductivity of precursor (block copolymer) and gels was found to be larger than 10-2 S.cm-1. The composite gels were characterized in terms of swelling and rheological properties. They can be classified as "superabsorbent" hydrogels and the swelling is reversible. The composite gels were then successfully used as actuators.

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Recent Trends and Developments in Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13172898 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2898

Author(s):

Shubham Sharma ◽

P. Sudhakara ◽

Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran ◽

Jujhar Singh ◽

R. A. Ilyas

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Fuel Cells ◽

Electrical Properties ◽

Conducting Polymers ◽

Shape Memory ◽

Polymer Nanocomposites ◽

Conducting Polymer ◽

Flexible Electronics ◽

Inorganic Semiconductors ◽

Electrically Conducting

Electrically-conducting polymers (CPs) were first developed as a revolutionary class of organic compounds that possess optical and electrical properties comparable to that of metals as well as inorganic semiconductors and display the commendable properties correlated with traditional polymers, like the ease of manufacture along with resilience in processing. Polymer nanocomposites are designed and manufactured to ensure excellent promising properties for anti-static (electrically conducting), anti-corrosion, actuators, sensors, shape memory alloys, biomedical, flexible electronics, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs, and adhesive applications with desired-appealing and cost-effective, functional surface coatings. The distinctive properties of nanocomposite materials involve significantly improved mechanical characteristics, barrier-properties, weight-reduction, and increased, long-lasting performance in terms of heat, wear, and scratch-resistant. Constraint in availability of power due to continuous depletion in the reservoirs of fossil fuels has affected the performance and functioning of electronic and energy storage appliances. For such reasons, efforts to modify the performance of such appliances are under way through blending design engineering with organic electronics. Unlike conventional inorganic semiconductors, organic electronic materials are developed from conducting polymers (CPs), dyes and charge transfer complexes. However, the conductive polymers are perhaps more bio-compatible rather than conventional metals or semi-conductive materials. Such characteristics make it more fascinating for bio-engineering investigators to conduct research on polymers possessing antistatic properties for various applications. An extensive overview of different techniques of synthesis and the applications of polymer bio-nanocomposites in various fields of sensors, actuators, shape memory polymers, flexible electronics, optical limiting, electrical properties (batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs), corrosion-protection and biomedical application are well-summarized from the findings all across the world in more than 150 references, exclusively from the past four years. This paper also presents recent advancements in composites of rare-earth oxides based on conducting polymer composites. Across a variety of biological and medical applications, the fact that numerous tissues were receptive to electric fields and stimuli made CPs more enticing.

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Intrinsically Conducting Polymers

Monographs in Electrochemistry - Functional Materials in Amperometric Sensing ◽

10.1007/978-3-662-45103-8_2 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 23-57

Author(s):

Renato Seeber ◽

Fabio Terzi ◽

Chiara Zanardi

Keyword(s):

Conducting Polymers ◽

Intrinsically Conducting Polymers

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