scholarly journals Recent Trends and Developments in Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2898
Author(s):  
Shubham Sharma ◽  
P. Sudhakara ◽  
Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran ◽  
Jujhar Singh ◽  
R. A. Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Inorganic Semiconductors ◽  
Electrically Conducting

Electrically-conducting polymers (CPs) were first developed as a revolutionary class of organic compounds that possess optical and electrical properties comparable to that of metals as well as inorganic semiconductors and display the commendable properties correlated with traditional polymers, like the ease of manufacture along with resilience in processing. Polymer nanocomposites are designed and manufactured to ensure excellent promising properties for anti-static (electrically conducting), anti-corrosion, actuators, sensors, shape memory alloys, biomedical, flexible electronics, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs, and adhesive applications with desired-appealing and cost-effective, functional surface coatings. The distinctive properties of nanocomposite materials involve significantly improved mechanical characteristics, barrier-properties, weight-reduction, and increased, long-lasting performance in terms of heat, wear, and scratch-resistant. Constraint in availability of power due to continuous depletion in the reservoirs of fossil fuels has affected the performance and functioning of electronic and energy storage appliances. For such reasons, efforts to modify the performance of such appliances are under way through blending design engineering with organic electronics. Unlike conventional inorganic semiconductors, organic electronic materials are developed from conducting polymers (CPs), dyes and charge transfer complexes. However, the conductive polymers are perhaps more bio-compatible rather than conventional metals or semi-conductive materials. Such characteristics make it more fascinating for bio-engineering investigators to conduct research on polymers possessing antistatic properties for various applications. An extensive overview of different techniques of synthesis and the applications of polymer bio-nanocomposites in various fields of sensors, actuators, shape memory polymers, flexible electronics, optical limiting, electrical properties (batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, LEDs), corrosion-protection and biomedical application are well-summarized from the findings all across the world in more than 150 references, exclusively from the past four years. This paper also presents recent advancements in composites of rare-earth oxides based on conducting polymer composites. Across a variety of biological and medical applications, the fact that numerous tissues were receptive to electric fields and stimuli made CPs more enticing.

Amorphous inorganic semiconductors for the development of solar cell, photoelectrocatalytic and photocatalytic applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Gill M. Biesold ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Zhiqun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Inorganic Semiconductors ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Amorphous inorganic semiconductors with unique optical and electrical properties are reviewed for applications in solar cells, photoelectrochemistry and photocatalysis.

Shape Memory Behavior of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
pp. 321-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepalekshmi Ponnamma ◽  
Yara Mohamed Hany El-Gawady ◽  
Mariappan Rajan ◽  
Solleti Goutham ◽  
Kalagadda Venkateswara Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Behavior

scholarly journals Electrical Properties of Thiol-ene-based Shape Memory Polymers Intended for Flexible Electronics

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Frewin ◽  
Melanie Ecker ◽  
Alexandra Joshi-Imre ◽  
Jonathan Kamgue ◽  
Jeanneane Waddell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Processing Technologies

Thiol-ene/acrylate-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) with tunable mechanical and thermomechanical properties are promising substrate materials for flexible electronics applications. These UV-curable polymer compositions can easily be polymerized onto pre-fabricated electronic components and can be molded into desired geometries to provide a shape-changing behavior or a tunable softness. Alternatively, SMPs may be prepared as a flat substrate, and electronic circuitry may be built directly on top by thin film processing technologies. Whichever way the final structure is produced, the operation of electronic circuits will be influenced by the electrical and mechanical properties of the underlying (and sometimes also encapsulating) SMP substrate. Here, we present electronic properties, such as permittivity and resistivity of a typical SMP composition that has a low glass transition temperature (between 40 and 60 °C dependent on the curing process) in different thermomechanical states of polymer. We fabricated parallel plate capacitors from a previously reported SMP composition (fully softening (FS)-SMP) using two different curing processes, and then we determined the electrical properties of relative permittivity and resistivity below and above the glass transition temperature. Our data shows that the curing process influenced the electrical permittivity, but not the electrical resistivity. Corona-Kelvin metrology evaluated the quality of the surface of FS-SMP spun on the wafer. Overall, FS-SMP demonstrates resistivity appropriate for use as an insulating material.

Design of a Novel Electrically Conducting Biocompatible Polymer with Degradable Linkages for Biomedical Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Kathryn Guimard ◽  
Jonathan L. Sessler ◽  
Christine E. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Semiconducting Polymer ◽  
Cell Compatibility ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Copolymer Poly

ABSTRACTUpon the discovery of the first conducting polymer in 1976, the replacement of metal-based semiconductors in many applications with conducting polymers was inevitable. Perhaps more surprisingly these materials showed promise in many biomedical applications. The finding that electrical fields and charges modulate shape, size, and proliferation of a number of cell types including nerve and bone, has prompted biomedical engineers to focus on the development of conducting polymer scaffolds for tissue regeneration and neural probes. A number of polymers have been studied for these applications, including polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene, and polyaniline. One serious limitation to the use of conducting polymers in biological systems is their inability to degrade. Therefore, it has been proposed to design and synthesize a biocompatible, biodegradable, semiconducting polymer, which could broaden the scope of applications for conducting polymers. For instance, these unique polymers could potentially be implemented in temporary tissue and neural scaffolds, drug delivery, short-term electrodes, and tethers between nanotubes. Therefore, the goal of this investigation is to synthesize a polymer that is degradable, while maintaining conductivity. Initially, the incorporation of pyrrole oligomers into a biodegradable polymer was attempted; however, to overcome difficulties associated with the instability of these oligopyrroles, a novel polymer design has been proposed which incorporates thiophene oligomers. Oligothiophenes (OTs) are apt to be more conductive than oligopyrroles due to a smaller band gap between the valence and conductance bands. Additionally, OTs share many of the advantageous properties of oligopyrroles, including cell compatibility, but are more stable. The proposed novel co-polymer consists of quaterthiophene oligomers tethered together by aliphatic ester linkages, which would potentially render the co-polymer conductive by means of inter and intra chain oligo overlap and degradable via cleavage of the ester bond by esterases in the body. The synthesis of the novel copolymer, poly-dialcohol dimethyl quaterthiophene-co-adipic acid (PAMQAA) has been completed successfully and corroborated by NMR and MALDI. Initial characterization indicates PAMQAA has the following properties: Mw = 11,240-64,080 g/mol, PI = 1.2-1.4, degradation temperature = ∼160°C. Currently PAMQAA is being characterized to assess its Tg, Tm, conductivity, degradability, and biocompatability. Polymer modifications could allow further optimization of properties, such as the rate of degradation and conductivity, to target better the application of interest.

scholarly journals Recent Trends and Developments in Graphene/Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites Chemiresistive Sensors

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnoush Zamiri ◽  
A. S. M. A. Haseeb
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area

The use of graphene and its derivatives with excellent characteristics such as good electrical and mechanical properties and large specific surface area has gained the attention of researchers. Recently, novel nanocomposite materials based on graphene and conducting polymers including polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy), poly (3,4 ethyldioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polythiophene (PTh), and their derivatives have been widely used as active materials in gas sensing due to their unique electrical conductivity, redox property, and good operation at room temperature. Mixing these two materials exhibited better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. This may be attributed to the large specific surface area of the nanocomposites, and also the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers. A variety of graphene and conducting polymer nanocomposite preparation methods such as in situ polymerization, electropolymerization, solution mixing, self-assembly approach, etc. have been reported and utilization of these nanocomposites as sensing materials has been proven effective in improving the performance of gas sensors. Review of the recent research efforts and developments in the fabrication and application of graphene and conducting polymer nanocomposites for gas sensing is the aim of this review paper.

A NEW OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE FOR TELECOMMUNICATION APPLICATION

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHIR KUMAR SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Optical Waveguide ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Telecommunication Application ◽  
Conducting Material ◽  
Coupling Technique ◽  
Electrically Conducting

Conducting polymer is a physical mixture of non-conducting polymer with electrically conducting material. Polyaniline is a class of conducting polymers that exists in four different forms depending on protonation and doping of the base. Starting with aniline, polyaniline is synthesized and doped with two different metals namely iron and aluminum separately. Using these films optical waveguides are fabricated. Their characteristics viz. Refractive index, propagation loss, number of modes etc., are studied using prism coupling technique. The results are discussed.

Optical and Electrical Properties of Organic Conducting Polymers

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463
Author(s):  
Salah Abdulla Hasoon
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Lithium Tetrafluoroborate ◽  
Absorbance Peak ◽  
Polymerization Method

Novel electrically conducting polymeric materials are prepared in this work. Polythiophene (PT) and poly (3-Methelthiophene) (P3MT) films were prepared by electro-polymerization method using cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile as a solvent and lithium tetrafluoroborate as the electrolyte on a gold electrode. Electrical properties of P3MT have been examined in different environments using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and quantum mechanical ab initio calculations, The observed absorption peaks at 314 and 415 nm, were attributed to the n-π* and π-π* transitions, respectively in the conjugated polymer chain, in contrast, the observed absorbance peak at 649 nm, is responsible for electric conduction. The temperature dependence of the conductivity can be fitted to the Arrhenius and the VTF equations in different temperature ranges.

Electrical properties of perovskite solar cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Fabregat-Santiago ◽  
Ramon Arcas ◽  
Elena Mas-Marza
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells
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