A Holistic Review of the State‐of‐the‐Art Microfluidics for Exosome Separation: An Overview of the Current Status, Existing Obstacles, and Future Outlook

Small ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2007174
Author(s):  
Lihua Ding ◽  
Xiaonan Yang ◽  
Zibo Gao ◽  
Clement Yaw Effah ◽  
Xiaoju Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Holistic Review

scholarly journals Lithium extraction from Chinese salt-lake brines: opportunities, challenges, and future outlook

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Song ◽  
Long D. Nghiem ◽  
Xue-Mei Li ◽  
Tao He
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
High Purity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Salt Lake Brine

Chinese salt-lake brine is mainly of the magnesium sulfate subtype with a high Mg/Li ratio. To extract high purity lithium chloride from Chinese brine has been a decade-long challenge. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of lithium extraction from Chinese salt-lake brine.

The Technique of Raman Spectroscopy: A State-of-the-Art Comparison to Infrared

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Sloane
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Made In

This paper in a tabulated summary format discusses the state-of-the-art of Raman spectroscopy for commercially available instrumentation. A comparison to infrared is made in terms of (I) instrumentation, (II) sample handling, and (III) applications. Although the two techniques yield similar and often complementary information, they are quite different from the point of view of instrumentation and sampling procedures. This leads to various advantages and disadvantages or limitations for each. These are discussed as well as the future outlook.

Current Status and Future Needs in Turbulence Modeling: An Aeronautical Perspective

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Bushnell ◽  
Siva Thangam
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Needs

An overview of current issues in turbulence modeling is presented along with a brief description of the current and future needs of NASA, especially from the point of advancing the state-of-the-art in aircraft design and air transportation.

Large-scale metal additive manufacturing: a holistic review of the state of the art and challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Thomas Lehmann ◽  
Dylan Rose ◽  
Ehsan Ranjbar ◽  
Morteza Ghasri-Khouzani ◽  
Mahdi Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Metal Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Holistic Review ◽  
Metal Additive

The State of the Art and Future Prospective of the Network Security

2012 ◽  
pp. 358-376
Author(s):  
Alaa Hussein Al-Hamami
Keyword(s):  
Network Security ◽  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Intrusion Prevention System

The continuous deployment of network services over the wide range of public and private networks has led to transactions and services that include personal, and sometimes quite sensitive, data. Examples of services include: pay-per-view, cable telephony, bill payments by phone, credit card charging, and Internet banking. Such services require significant effort not only to protect the sensitive data involved in the transactions and services but to ensure integrity and availability of network services as well. The requirement for employing heterogeneous networks and systems becomes increasingly important, and as the view of traditional distributed systems has changed to a network centric view in all types of application networks, therefore, the complexity of these systems has led to significant security flaws and problems. Existing conventional approaches for security service development over such complex and most often heterogeneous networks and systems are not satisfying and cannot meet users and applications needs; therefore, several approaches have been developed to provide security at various levels and degrees, such as: secure protocols, secure protocol mechanisms, secure services, firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), and later Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), etc. This chapter considers and addresses several aspects of network security in an effort to provide a publication that summarizes the current status and the promising and interesting future directions and challenges. The authors try to present the state-of-the-art in this chapter for the following topics: Internet security, secure services, security in mobile systems and trust, anonymity, and privacy.

The Science of Emotional Intelligence

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Zeidner ◽  
Richard D. Roberts ◽  
Gerald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
New Research

Almost from its inception, the emotional intelligence (EI) construct has been an elusive one. After nearly 2 decades of research, there still appears to be little consensus over how EI should be conceptualized or assessed and the efficacy of practical applications in real life settings. This paper aims at providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in research involving this newly minted construct. Specifically, in separate sections of this article, we set out to distinguish what is known from what is unknown in relation to three paramount concerns of EI research, i.e., conceptualization, assessment, and applications. In each section, we start by discussing assertions that may be made with some degree of confidence, elucidating what are essentially sources of consensus concerning EI. We move then to discuss sources of controversy; those things for which there is less agreement among EI researchers. We hope that this “straight talk” about the current status of EI research will provide a platform for new research in both basic and applied domains.

Salt Drilling: The State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Campbell ◽  
Ricardo Bueno ◽  
Sinasi Eren ◽  
Malik Faisal Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Drill String ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Salt Formation

Abstract Drilling though salt is not a new challenge in the petroleum industry, with successful exploration and appraisal wells in salt environments paving the way for complex field developments. A detailed summary of how these advancements have subsequently evolved into the technology and methods being used today is presented. The numerous challenges, and the resulting solutions, of drilling in salt environments are well documented; a comprehensive review of the relevant published industry literature has been conducted. Additionally, workshops with several major service vendors have been held to ascertain the current status of research and new product development. These two areas form the foundation of this work and have been weaved together and presented to establish what is the state of the art in salt drilling. Since the first salt wells were drilled, the drilling industry has changed considerably. Significant advancements in salt drilling technologies and methods have been made in areas such as: best drilling practices, salt formation geomechanics, salt formation geochemistry, drilling fluids, well cementing, directional drilling, drill string and drill bit design. These advancements have all been clearly delineated in a chronology of continuous improvement, compounded by the considerable weight of industry experience and lessons learned which has in turn led to optimisation, and increased efficiency, of salt drilling operations. Today, salt drilling is prevalent in areas such as the Gulf of Mexico, deep-water offshore Brazil, and deep-water West Africa, where the boundaries are continually pushed due to the perseverance of both petroleum operating companies and service vendors. The existing body of literature on salt wells is large and covers many disciplines of the upstream business, from wildcat exploration through to production. However, this focus is solely on drilling, combining and summarising many years’ worth of experience, learning, research, and development, to present what is the state of the art in salt drilling.

scholarly journals A critique on multi-jet electrospinning: State of the art and future outlook

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-245
Author(s):  
Hosam El-Sayed ◽  
Claudia Vineis ◽  
Alessio Varesano ◽  
Salwa Mowafi ◽  
Riccardo Andrea Carletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Dry Spinning

Abstract This review is devoted to discuss the unique characteristics of multi-jet electrospinning technique, compared to other spinning techniques, and its utilization in spinning of natural as well as synthetic polymers. The advantages and inadequacies of the current commercial chemical spinning methods; namely wet spinning, melt spinning, dry spinning, and electrospinning are discussed. The unconventional applications of electrospinning in textile and non-textile sectors are reported. Special emphasis is devoted to the theory and technology of the multijet electrospinning as well as its applications. The current status of multi-jet electrospining and future prospects are outlined. Using multi-jet electrospinning technique, various polymers have been electrospun into uniform blend nanofibrous mats with good dispersibility. In addition to the principle of multi-jet electro electrospinning, the different devices used for this technique are also highlighted.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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