Salt Drilling: The State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Campbell ◽  
Ricardo Bueno ◽  
Sinasi Eren ◽  
Malik Faisal Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Drill String ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Salt Formation

Abstract Drilling though salt is not a new challenge in the petroleum industry, with successful exploration and appraisal wells in salt environments paving the way for complex field developments. A detailed summary of how these advancements have subsequently evolved into the technology and methods being used today is presented. The numerous challenges, and the resulting solutions, of drilling in salt environments are well documented; a comprehensive review of the relevant published industry literature has been conducted. Additionally, workshops with several major service vendors have been held to ascertain the current status of research and new product development. These two areas form the foundation of this work and have been weaved together and presented to establish what is the state of the art in salt drilling. Since the first salt wells were drilled, the drilling industry has changed considerably. Significant advancements in salt drilling technologies and methods have been made in areas such as: best drilling practices, salt formation geomechanics, salt formation geochemistry, drilling fluids, well cementing, directional drilling, drill string and drill bit design. These advancements have all been clearly delineated in a chronology of continuous improvement, compounded by the considerable weight of industry experience and lessons learned which has in turn led to optimisation, and increased efficiency, of salt drilling operations. Today, salt drilling is prevalent in areas such as the Gulf of Mexico, deep-water offshore Brazil, and deep-water West Africa, where the boundaries are continually pushed due to the perseverance of both petroleum operating companies and service vendors. The existing body of literature on salt wells is large and covers many disciplines of the upstream business, from wildcat exploration through to production. However, this focus is solely on drilling, combining and summarising many years’ worth of experience, learning, research, and development, to present what is the state of the art in salt drilling.

It’s Time for Health Record Banking!

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shabo Shvo
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Health Information Exchange ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Health Records

SummaryThis article is part of a Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on Health Record Banking. This Focus Theme aims at describing the Health Record Banking (HRB) paradigm, which offers an alternative constellation of health information exchange and integration through sustainability of health records over the lifetime of individuals by independent and trusted organizations.It also aims at describing various approaches to HRB and reporting on the state-of-the-art HRB through actual implementations and lessons learned, as described in articles of this Focus Theme.

Current Status and Future Needs in Turbulence Modeling: An Aeronautical Perspective

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Bushnell ◽  
Siva Thangam
Keyword(s):  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Needs

An overview of current issues in turbulence modeling is presented along with a brief description of the current and future needs of NASA, especially from the point of advancing the state-of-the-art in aircraft design and air transportation.

New Approaches for Drilling Highly Depleted Reservoir in Deep Water Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Mohamed Balbaa ◽  
Hesham Mohamed ◽  
Sherif Mohamed Elkholy ◽  
Mohamed ElRashidy ◽  
Robert Munger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract While drilling highly depleted gas reservoirs with a very narrow drilling window, Common drilling methods like utilizing loss of circulation pills, wellbore strengthening materials and managed pressure drilling (MPD) are being used in several reservoirs, yet it cannot be successful or cost effective if applied in a traditional manner. Innovative approaches to enable drilling wells in highly depleted reservoir in the Mediterranean deep water were adopted. The approaches incorporated design changes to the well and Bottom hole assembly (BHA), optimized drilling practices, and unconventional use of MPD while drilling and cementing production liner. Well design change in comparison to offset wells to allow drilling the reservoir in one hole section. Several design changes were considered in the BHA and drilling fluids to prevent as well as mitigate losses and differential sticking risks. From the BHA viewpoint, one of the key successful prevention measures was maximizing the standoff to reduce the contact area with the formation, this was achieved through utilizing spiral heavy wall drill pipe (HWDP) instead of drill collars in addition to a modeled placement of stabilizers and roller reamers. While on the drilling fluid side, Calcium carbonate material was added to strengthen wellbore, prevent losses and avoid formation damage. Particle size up to 1000 micron and concentration up to 40ppb was used to strengthen the depleted sands dynamically while drilling. Furthermore, as mitigation to stuck pipe, Jar and accelerator placement was simulated to achieve optimum impulse and impact force while maintaining the Jar above potential sticking zone. Whereas to address the consequence of a stuck pipe event, disconnect subs were placed in BHA to allow for recovering the drill string efficiently. MPD was first introduced in the Mediterranean in 2007 and continued to develop this well-known technique to mitigate various drilling challenges. For this well, MPD was one of the key enabling factors to safely drill, run and cement the production liner. Surface back pressure MPD allowed using the lowest possible mud weight in the hole and maintaining downhole pressure constant in order to manage the narrow drilling window between the formation pressure and fracture pressure (less than 0.4 ppg). MPD was also applied for the first time for running and cementing the production liner to prevent losses and achieve good cement quality which is a key to successful well production.

Well Cleanup Utilizing Smart Well Completion and Zero Flaring Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alkhalifah ◽  
Rabih Younes
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Downhole Monitoring

Abstract In an oil field, openhole multilateral maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells are drilled. These wells are typically equipped with smart well completion technologies consisting of inflow control valves and permanent downhole monitoring systems. Conventional flowback techniques consisted of flowing back the well to atmosphere while burning the hydrocarbon and drilling fluids brought to surface. In an age of economic, environmental and safety consciousness, all practices in the petroleum industry are being examined closely. As such, the conventional method of flowing back wells is frowned upon from all aspects. This gives rise to the challenge of flowing back wells in an economic manner without compromising safety and the environment; all the while ensuring excellent well deliverability. By utilizing subsurface smart well completion inflow control valves, individual laterals are flowed to a separator system whereby solid drill cuttings are captured and discharged using a solids management system. Hydrocarbons are separated using a separation vessel and measured before being sent to the production line toward the field separation facility. Permanent downhole monitoring systems are used to monitor pressure drawdown and subsequently control the rate of flow to surface to ensure reservoir integrity. Following the completion of the solids and drilling fluid flowback from the wellbore, comprehensive multi-rate measurements at different choke settings are obtained to quantify the well performance. This paper looks at the economic and environmental improvements of the adopted zero flaring cleanup technology and smart well completions flowback techniques in comparison to conventional flowback methods. This ensures that oil is being recovered during well flowback and lateral contribution to overall flow in multilateral wells. In addition, it highlights the lessons learned and key best practices implemented during the cleanup operation to complete the job in a safe and efficient manner. This technique tends to set a roadmap for a better well flowback that fulfills economic constrains and protects the environment.

Purification of Bentonite Clays from the District of Cubati, PB, for Obtainment of Organoclays for Use in Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1444-1450
Author(s):  
J.M.R. de Figueirêdo ◽  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Isabelle Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Heber Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
The State ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The main deposits of bentonite clays are located in the district of Boa Vista, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil. The random exploration of these deposits for many years is causing the clays to be depleted, and this will turn into a serious problem to the national petroleum industry. So, this work aims to study the characterization of new deposits of bentonite clays in the district of Cubati, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, with the objective of developing purified organoclays, using a hydrocyclone, from ionic and non-ionic surfactants for use in drilling fluids. The characterization of the studied clay samples was done by applying the following techniques: granulometric analysis by laser diffraction (GA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (EDX) and thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTA) analysis. The characterization is typical of bentonites and the dispersions present rheological properties which meet Petrobras’ specifications for diesel oil media, organofilized with Praepagen WB.

scholarly journals RoboCup Rescue Robot and Simulation Leagues

AI Magazine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Levent Akin ◽  
Nobuhiro Ito ◽  
Adam Jacoff ◽  
Alexander Kleiner ◽  
Johannes Pellenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Rescue Robot ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Robocup Rescue ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

The RoboCup Rescue Robot and Simulation competitions have been held since 2000. The experience gained during these competitions has increased the maturity level of the field, which allowed deploying robots after real disasters (for example, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster). This article provides an overview of these competitions and highlights the state of the art and the lessons learned.

Rheological Properties of Oil Based Drilling Fluids and Base Oils

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velaug Myrseth Oltedal ◽  
Benjamin Werner ◽  
Bjørnar Lund ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Jan David Ytrehus
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
General Context ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Hole Cleaning ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Rheological Test

Drilling fluids for oil wells must meet a number of requirements, including maintaining formation integrity, lubricating the drill string, and transporting cuttings to the surface. In order to satisfy these needs, drilling fluids have become increasingly complex and expensive. To ensure safe and efficient drilling, it is vital for the drilling operator to be able to make a qualified choice of fluid appropriate for each individual well. API/ISO standards specify a set of tests for characterization of drilling fluids. However, fluids that are tested to have equal properties according to these standards are still observed to perform significantly different when used in the field. The aim of the full project is to provide a thorough comparison of drilling fluids in particular with respect to hole cleaning performance, in light of the issues presented above. As part of this investigation we here present results for two oil based drilling fluids, as well as for the corresponding base oil. The drilling fluids differ in composition by varying fraction of base oil, and thus density and water content. The fluids have been tested according to the API standard, and further, viscoelastic properties have been examined using an Anton Paar rheometer. The rheological test campaign includes determination of the linear viscoelastic range (LVER), viscosity and yield point, thixotropic time test, and temperature dependence of rheological parameters. Further, it is demonstrated how the rheological data may be used to interpret data from ongoing full scale flow loop experiments with the same fluids. In a more general context, the rheological test campaign of the drilling fluids is expected to make a crucial contribution for the petroleum industry in explaining observed differences in hole cleaning properties beyond what todays API/ISO industry standard provides.

The State of the Art and Future Prospective of the Network Security

2012 ◽  
pp. 358-376
Author(s):  
Alaa Hussein Al-Hamami
Keyword(s):  
Network Security ◽  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Intrusion Prevention System

The continuous deployment of network services over the wide range of public and private networks has led to transactions and services that include personal, and sometimes quite sensitive, data. Examples of services include: pay-per-view, cable telephony, bill payments by phone, credit card charging, and Internet banking. Such services require significant effort not only to protect the sensitive data involved in the transactions and services but to ensure integrity and availability of network services as well. The requirement for employing heterogeneous networks and systems becomes increasingly important, and as the view of traditional distributed systems has changed to a network centric view in all types of application networks, therefore, the complexity of these systems has led to significant security flaws and problems. Existing conventional approaches for security service development over such complex and most often heterogeneous networks and systems are not satisfying and cannot meet users and applications needs; therefore, several approaches have been developed to provide security at various levels and degrees, such as: secure protocols, secure protocol mechanisms, secure services, firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), and later Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), etc. This chapter considers and addresses several aspects of network security in an effort to provide a publication that summarizes the current status and the promising and interesting future directions and challenges. The authors try to present the state-of-the-art in this chapter for the following topics: Internet security, secure services, security in mobile systems and trust, anonymity, and privacy.

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