The relations between discrimination, stressful life events, and substance use among adults experiencing homelessness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Alexander ◽  
Joseph J.C. Waring ◽  
Oluwakemi Olurotimi ◽  
Jasmin Kurien ◽  
Bishop Noble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life

scholarly journals Infant birthweight in the US: the role of preconception stressful life events and substance use

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney P. Witt ◽  
Kara C. Mandell ◽  
Lauren E. Wisk ◽  
Erika R. Cheng ◽  
Debanjana Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
The Us

A functional neuregulin-1 gene variant and stressful life events: Effect on drug use in a longitudinal population-representative cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariliis Vaht ◽  
Kariina Laas ◽  
Evelyn Kiive ◽  
Jüri Parik ◽  
Toomas Veidebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Neuregulin 1

Background: The neuregulin 1 gene is a susceptibility gene for substance dependence. A functional polymorphism (SNP8NRG243177/rs6994992; C/T) in the promoter region of the brain-specific type IV neuregulin-1 gene ( NRG1) has been associated with psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) that often present higher odds of smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use. This study assessed the association of the NRG1 genotype with drug use and possible interaction with stressful life events (SLEs). Methods: The database of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (beginning in 1998) was used. Cohorts of children initially 9 years old ( n=583; followed up at 15 and 18 years) and 15 years old ( n=593; followed up at 18 and 25 years) provided self-reports on alcohol, tobacco and illicit substance use and SLEs. Psychiatric assessment based on DSM-IV was carried out on the older birth cohort at age 25 to assess the lifetime presence of substance use disorders. NRG1 rs6994992 was genotyped in all participants by TaqMan® Pre-Designed SNP Genotyping Assay on the Applied Biosystems ViiA™ 7 Real-Time PCR System. The minor (T) allele frequency was 0.37. Results: NRG1 rs6994992 C/C homozygotes, especially those who had experienced more SLEs, were more likely to develop alcohol use disorders by young adulthood, were generally more active consumers of tobacco products, and had more likely used illicit drugs. In T allele carriers, SLEs had a negligible effect on substance use. Conclusions: In humans, NRG1 genotype is associated with substance use, and this relationship is moderated by adverse life events, with a gain-of-function allele being protective.

Depression and heavy alcohol use among adolescents: Concurrent and prospective relations

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL WINDLE ◽  
PATRICK T. DAVIES
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Task Orientation

This study of over 1,000 adolescents focused on common and distinctive correlates of four subgroups—no problem, depressed only, heavy drinking only, and mixed (depressed and heavy drinking). Correlates were evaluated from the domains of personal dispositions (e.g., temperament), interpersonal relations (e.g., parent and peer), stressful life events, and other problem behaviors (e.g., delinquency, substance use). The no-problem subgroup differed from the other three subgroups in the direction of healthier functioning on almost all measures. The mixed subgroup reported the most pervasive, low levels of functioning, with the highest levels of childhood externalizing problems and stressful life events, the lowest levels of family social support, and high levels of delinquency and substance use. The depressed-only subgroup reported a more internalized pattern characterized by childhood avoidance problems, a difficult temperament (e.g., inflexibility, withdrawal, low task orientation), interpersonal stressors, and poor coping strategies. The heavy-drinking-only subgroup was characterized by higher drinking levels by primary caregivers and lower levels of family cohesion as reported by primary caregivers. The 1-year prospective findings were generally consistent with the concurrent findings in that variables that were associated with transitions toward and away from depression and heavy drinking were associated with specific transitions (e.g., childhood externalizing problems were associated with the transition from no problem to heavy drinking).

scholarly journals Intersection of Stress and Gender in Association With Transitions in Past Year DSM-5 Substance Use Disorder Diagnoses in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701775263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terril L. Verplaetse ◽  
Kelly E. Moore ◽  
Brian P. Pittman ◽  
Walter Roberts ◽  
Lindsay M. Oberleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder

Background Stress contributes to the development and maintenance of substance use disorders, with some research suggesting that the impact of stress on substance use disorders is greater in women. However, this has yet to be evaluated in a national dataset, across major substances of abuse. Methods Using data from the newly available U.S. National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; Wave 3; n = 36,309), we evaluated relationships among past year stressful life events (0 or 1 vs. 2+ events, range 0–16) and gender, and their association with transitions (new vs. absent cases; ongoing vs. remitted cases) in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition alcohol use disorder, tobacco use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and nonmedical prescription opioid use disorder diagnoses. Results Having two or more stressful life events in the past year increased the odds of having a new alcohol use disorder, tobacco use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and opioid use disorder (OR = 3.14, 2.15, 5.52, and 3.06, respectively) or ongoing alcohol use disorder, tobacco use disorder, and cannabis use disorder (OR = 2.39, 2.62, and 2.95, respectively) compared to zero or one stressful life event. A stress by gender interaction for new vs. absent alcohol use disorder demonstrated that having two or more stressful life events was associated with increased odds of new alcohol use disorder in men (OR = 2.51) and even greater odds of new alcohol use disorder in women (OR = 3.94). Conclusions Results highlight that stress is a robust factor in both men and women with new or ongoing substance use disorders, and that effective treatments for substance use should consider the role of stress in addiction etiology and maintenance. There was little evidence for gender differences in the role of stress on transitions in substance use disorders, except for the onset of alcohol use disorders. Given that rates of alcohol use disorders are increasing in women, the impact of stress needs to be considered.

scholarly journals Substance use, stressful life events and mental health: A longitudinal study among homeless women in Madrid (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 106246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Guillén ◽  
Carolina Marín ◽  
Sonia Panadero ◽  
José Juan Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Stressful Life

scholarly journals Common stressful life events and difficulties are associated with mental health symptoms and substance use in young adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy CP Low ◽  
Erika Dugas ◽  
Erin O’Loughlin ◽  
Daniel Rodriguez ◽  
Gisele Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms
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